Question 1

The process of learning a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response is called _____ and is based on the principles of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning; operant conditioning 
B) extinction; classical conditioning 
C) counterconditioning; classical conditioning 
D) virtual reality conditioning; operant conditioning 
A) aversive conditioning; operant conditioning 
B) extinction; classical conditioning 
C) counterconditioning; classical conditioning 
D) virtual reality conditioning; operant conditioning

Question 2

Melissa is very shy and afraid to speak up in class or in public situations. Melissa consults a therapist about her problem. After a few individual sessions, Melissa's therapist suggests that Melissa attend a new therapy group that he is currently organizing. Melissa's therapist is probably recommending that Melissa attend the group so that:

Accepted Answer

A) the other group members can confront Melissa about the irrationality of her fears. 
B) Melissa can practice speaking in front of other people in a safe and supportive environment. 
C) the other group members can help interpret Melissa's free associations and dream symbols. 
D) Melissa can have firsthand experience with virtual reality. 
A) the other group members can confront Melissa about the irrationality of her fears. 
B) Melissa can practice speaking in front of other people in a safe and supportive environment. 
C) the other group members can help interpret Melissa's free associations and dream symbols. 
D) Melissa can have firsthand experience with virtual reality.

Question 3

Believing that the term patient implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term _____ to describe people in therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) customer 
B) subject 
C) client 
D) participant 
A) customer 
B) subject 
C) client 
D) participant

Question 4

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics:

Accepted Answer

A) are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications. 
B) think that clinical psychologists should only use cognitive therapy because all other types of therapy are ineffectual. 
C) think that clinical psychologists should not be allowed to treat mental disorders at all. 
D) think that clinical psychologists should only conduct research. 
A) are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications. 
B) think that clinical psychologists should only use cognitive therapy because all other types of therapy are ineffectual. 
C) think that clinical psychologists should not be allowed to treat mental disorders at all. 
D) think that clinical psychologists should only conduct research.

Question 5

After losing his job in a corporate merger, Dean developed an intense fear of crowds and crowded places. His psychologist is using systematic desensitization to help Dean overcome the fear. During the actual process of systematic desensitization, Dean:

Accepted Answer

A) becomes deeply relaxed, then imagines one of the scenes in his anxiety hierarchy. 
B) must remain seated in a room while the room gradually becomes filled with people. 
C) looks at photographs of crowded places, that are paired with mild electric shocks. 
D) must face the members of his family, who actively confront him about the irrationality of his beliefs. 
A) becomes deeply relaxed, then imagines one of the scenes in his anxiety hierarchy. 
B) must remain seated in a room while the room gradually becomes filled with people. 
C) looks at photographs of crowded places, that are paired with mild electric shocks. 
D) must face the members of his family, who actively confront him about the irrationality of his beliefs.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about electroconvulsive therapy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) One of the biggest drawbacks to electroconvulsive therapy is that many patients experience a relapse of depressive symptoms within a few months. 
B) Electroconvulsive therapy reduces the symptoms of major depressive disorder in about 80 percent of depressed patients who undergo the procedure. 
C) Electroconvulsive therapy reduces symptoms of major depressive disorder by causing some brain damage and increasing the frequency of seizures. 
D) In the modern use of electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is usually given a short-acting anesthetic and muscle relaxants. 
A) One of the biggest drawbacks to electroconvulsive therapy is that many patients experience a relapse of depressive symptoms within a few months. 
B) Electroconvulsive therapy reduces the symptoms of major depressive disorder in about 80 percent of depressed patients who undergo the procedure. 
C) Electroconvulsive therapy reduces symptoms of major depressive disorder by causing some brain damage and increasing the frequency of seizures. 
D) In the modern use of electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is usually given a short-acting anesthetic and muscle relaxants.

Question 7

Steve's therapist Dr. Royce is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve's words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve's therapist is:

Accepted Answer

A) communicating empathic understanding. 
B) fostering transference. 
C) using systematic desensitization. 
D) trying to counteract Steve's negative cognitive bias. 
A) communicating empathic understanding. 
B) fostering transference. 
C) using systematic desensitization. 
D) trying to counteract Steve's negative cognitive bias.

Question 8

Alexis's therapist assessed her problems in the first two sessions of therapy. Then, the two of them agreed on several goals that they would try to achieve over the course of weekly therapy sessions for the next five months. Early on in the therapy, Alexis's therapist pointed out that Alexis seemed to keep getting involved with men who treated her in the same rejecting way as her father had when Alexis was a child. Alexis's therapist appears to be using the techniques of _____ to help Alexis.

Accepted Answer

A) short-term dynamic therapy 
B) rational-emotive therapy 
C) traditional psychoanalysis 
D) behavioral therapy 
A) short-term dynamic therapy 
B) rational-emotive therapy 
C) traditional psychoanalysis 
D) behavioral therapy

Question 9

Developed by South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe in the 1950s, _____ involves learning a new conditioned response (relaxation) that is incompatible with or inhibits the old conditioned response (fear and anxiety).

Accepted Answer

A) contingency management 
B) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) 
C) systematic desensitization 
D) rational-emotive therapy 
A) contingency management 
B) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) 
C) systematic desensitization 
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 10

Systematic desensitization is based on the same premise as:

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning. 
B) the token economy. 
C) contingency management. 
D) counterconditioning. 
A) aversive conditioning. 
B) the token economy. 
C) contingency management. 
D) counterconditioning.

Question 11

Usually lasting only a session or two, _____ is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency management 
B) self-help group therapy 
C) motivational interviewing (MI) 
D) interpersonal therapy (IPT) 
A) contingency management 
B) self-help group therapy 
C) motivational interviewing (MI) 
D) interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Question 12

According to Albert Ellis, psychological problems are due to:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive biases such as overgeneralization and personalization. 
B) conditional positive regard. 
C) irrational expectations and beliefs. 
D) unconscious wishes and urges. 
A) cognitive biases such as overgeneralization and personalization. 
B) conditional positive regard. 
C) irrational expectations and beliefs. 
D) unconscious wishes and urges.

Question 13

Which of the following mental health professionals holds a master's degree in social work and has had an internship at a social service agency or mental health center?

Accepted Answer

A) psychiatric nurse 
B) psychoanalyst 
C) psychiatric social worker 
D) certified EMDR paraprofessional 
A) psychiatric nurse 
B) psychoanalyst 
C) psychiatric social worker 
D) certified EMDR paraprofessional

Question 14

When lithium failed to reduce Carrie's symptoms of rapidly cycling from mania to depression, her doctor tried an anticonvulsant medication called:

Accepted Answer

A) Zoloft. 
B) Depakote. 
C) Buspar. 
D) Clozaril. 
A) Zoloft. 
B) Depakote. 
C) Buspar. 
D) Clozaril.

Question 15

The atypical antipsychotics:

Accepted Answer

A) include clozapine, risperidone, sertindole, and quetiapine. 
B) were discontinued soon after Thorazine and Stelazine were approved for use. 
C) reduce the symptoms of a variety of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D) proved ineffective in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
A) include clozapine, risperidone, sertindole, and quetiapine. 
B) were discontinued soon after Thorazine and Stelazine were approved for use. 
C) reduce the symptoms of a variety of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D) proved ineffective in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 16

Hugh is a paraprofessional. Hugh

Accepted Answer

A) has no training in psychology or mental health. 
B) has a license similar to a clinical psychologist. 
C) probably has some training and a certificate in his field. 
D) can work in most medical and mental health settings. 
A) has no training in psychology or mental health. 
B) has a license similar to a clinical psychologist. 
C) probably has some training and a certificate in his field. 
D) can work in most medical and mental health settings.

Question 17

An anxiety hierarchy is a:

Accepted Answer

A) complete list of all of the different objects or situations that have ever produced anxiety in the person, arranged in order of intensity. 
B) description of all the symptoms experienced by the person during an episode of intense anxiety. 
C) list of specific anxiety-producing scenes, arranged from least to most anxiety-provoking, that are related to the person's fear or phobia. 
D) computer program that generates random images of scenes that virtually everyone finds terrifying. 
A) complete list of all of the different objects or situations that have ever produced anxiety in the person, arranged in order of intensity. 
B) description of all the symptoms experienced by the person during an episode of intense anxiety. 
C) list of specific anxiety-producing scenes, arranged from least to most anxiety-provoking, that are related to the person's fear or phobia. 
D) computer program that generates random images of scenes that virtually everyone finds terrifying.

Question 18

Interpersonal therapy was originally developed to treat:

Accepted Answer

A) major depressive disorder. 
B) anxiety. 
C) resistance. 
D) phobias. 
A) major depressive disorder. 
B) anxiety. 
C) resistance. 
D) phobias.

Question 19

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A) Therapy is a collaborative effort; if you are going to benefit from psychotherapy, you must actively participate in the therapeutic process. 
B) Don't confuse catharsis with change; although it usually produces short-term emotional relief, catharsis in itself does not resolve problems. 
C) Expect your therapist to make decisions for you; your therapist will often tell you what to do, reducing your stress when making important decisions. 
D) Don't expect change to happen overnight; as a general rule, most people make significant progress in a few months of weekly therapy sessions. 
A) Therapy is a collaborative effort; if you are going to benefit from psychotherapy, you must actively participate in the therapeutic process. 
B) Don't confuse catharsis with change; although it usually produces short-term emotional relief, catharsis in itself does not resolve problems. 
C) Expect your therapist to make decisions for you; your therapist will often tell you what to do, reducing your stress when making important decisions. 
D) Don't expect change to happen overnight; as a general rule, most people make significant progress in a few months of weekly therapy sessions.

Question 20

Virtual reality (VR) therapy:

Accepted Answer

A) is promising but still not accepted as an effective treatment for phobias. 
B) is more difficult and more expensive to administer than graduated exposure to the actual feared object or situation. 
C) has become an accepted treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders. 
D) involves sending electrical impulses to the brainstem via implanted electrodes in order to reduce chronic anxiety and specific phobias. 
A) is promising but still not accepted as an effective treatment for phobias. 
B) is more difficult and more expensive to administer than graduated exposure to the actual feared object or situation. 
C) has become an accepted treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders. 
D) involves sending electrical impulses to the brainstem via implanted electrodes in order to reduce chronic anxiety and specific phobias.

Exam 14: Section 2: Therapies

The process of learning a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response is called _____ and is based on the principles of _____.

Believing that the term patient implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term _____ to describe people in therapy.

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics:

After losing his job in a corporate merger, Dean developed an intense fear of crowds and crowded places. His psychologist is using systematic desensitization to help Dean overcome the fear. During the actual process of systematic desensitization, Dean:

Which of the following statements about electroconvulsive therapy is FALSE?

Steve's therapist Dr. Royce is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve's words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve's therapist is:

Developed by South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe in the 1950s, _____ involves learning a new conditioned response (relaxation) that is incompatible with or inhibits the old conditioned response (fear and anxiety).

Systematic desensitization is based on the same premise as:

Usually lasting only a session or two, _____ is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

According to Albert Ellis, psychological problems are due to:

Which of the following mental health professionals holds a master's degree in social work and has had an internship at a social service agency or mental health center?

When lithium failed to reduce Carrie's symptoms of rapidly cycling from mania to depression, her doctor tried an anticonvulsant medication called:

The atypical antipsychotics:

Hugh is a paraprofessional. Hugh

An anxiety hierarchy is a:

Interpersonal therapy was originally developed to treat:

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Virtual reality (VR) therapy:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

The process of learning a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response is called _ and is based on the principles of _.