Question 1

Which of the following statements about the factors that contribute to effective psychotherapy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychotherapy is more likely to be effective if the therapist is perceived as authoritative and controlling. 
B) Effective psychotherapists are responsive to cultural differences between themselves and their clients. 
C) Psychotherapy is more likely to be effective if the client is living in a stable environment with other people who are psychologically healthy. 
D) A successful therapy outcome is more likely if the client is motivated, committed to therapy, and actively involved in the process. 
A) Psychotherapy is more likely to be effective if the therapist is perceived as authoritative and controlling. 
B) Effective psychotherapists are responsive to cultural differences between themselves and their clients. 
C) Psychotherapy is more likely to be effective if the client is living in a stable environment with other people who are psychologically healthy. 
D) A successful therapy outcome is more likely if the client is motivated, committed to therapy, and actively involved in the process.

Question 2

Jennie's husband was hospitalized and treated with antipsychotic medications for his symptoms of schizophrenia. Because she was worried about his symptoms, Jennie confronted the psychiatrist who was treating her husband. "This is completely unacceptable," she said. "My husband shuffles around this ward like he is a zombie. He jerks and twitches for no apparent reason, the expression on his face hardly ever changes, and he's becoming more withdrawn and apathetic." Which of the following medications was most likely being used to treat Jennie's husband?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 
B) clozapine (Clozaril) 
C) risperidone (Risperdal) 
D) buspirone (Buspar) 
A) chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 
B) clozapine (Clozaril) 
C) risperidone (Risperdal) 
D) buspirone (Buspar)

Question 3

Research on new experimental treatments for major depressive disorder, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) inducing seizures may not be necessary in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 
B) higher levels of electric current than traditional ECT uses are necessary to stop major depressive disorder from reoccurring. 
C) inducing more frequent seizures may be necessary in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 
D) major depressive disorder can be cured without delivering electrical current to the brain. 
A) inducing seizures may not be necessary in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 
B) higher levels of electric current than traditional ECT uses are necessary to stop major depressive disorder from reoccurring. 
C) inducing more frequent seizures may be necessary in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 
D) major depressive disorder can be cured without delivering electrical current to the brain.

Question 4

Telford's research is concerned with how genes influence an individual's response to drugs. He works in a new field of study called:

Accepted Answer

A) pharmacogenetics. 
B) contingency management. 
C) psychoneuroleptics. 
D) psychopharmacology. 
A) pharmacogenetics. 
B) contingency management. 
C) psychoneuroleptics. 
D) psychopharmacology.

Question 5

Many self-help groups pattern themselves after the famous self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous and follow _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A) a 12-step 
B) the ABC 3-step 
C) a client-centered 
D) a contingency management 
A) a 12-step 
B) the ABC 3-step 
C) a client-centered 
D) a contingency management

Question 6

One potential problem with the first (or typical) antipsychotic medications was that they:

Accepted Answer

A) were physically addictive. 
B) could produce muscle tremors, rigid movements, and other disruptions in normal motor movements. 
C) did not reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D) had to be taken for several months before symptoms began to improve. 
A) were physically addictive. 
B) could produce muscle tremors, rigid movements, and other disruptions in normal motor movements. 
C) did not reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D) had to be taken for several months before symptoms began to improve.

Question 7

The Focus on Neuroscience box entitled "Psychotherapy and the Brain" describes a brain imaging and treatment study of depressed participants, compared to a nondepressed control group. Which of the following results is NOT a result that was noted for this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Compared to nondepressed adults, depressed participants showed altered amygdala activity following an emotional task. 
B) Compared to nondepressed adults, depressed participants showed altered prefrontal cortex activity following a cognitive task. 
C) After treatment with cognitive therapy, the brain activity of the treatment group resembled that of the control group. 
D) Medication, but not cognitive therapy, changed the brain activity of depressed participants. 
A) Compared to nondepressed adults, depressed participants showed altered amygdala activity following an emotional task. 
B) Compared to nondepressed adults, depressed participants showed altered prefrontal cortex activity following a cognitive task. 
C) After treatment with cognitive therapy, the brain activity of the treatment group resembled that of the control group. 
D) Medication, but not cognitive therapy, changed the brain activity of depressed participants.

Question 8

Two newer antidepressants, Effexor and Cymbalta, are best classified as dual-reuptake inhibitors because they affect brain levels of two neurotransmitters called:

Accepted Answer

A) GABA and glutamate. 
B) serotonin and norepinephrine. 
C) dopamine and GABA. 
D) glutamate and dopamine. 
A) GABA and glutamate. 
B) serotonin and norepinephrine. 
C) dopamine and GABA. 
D) glutamate and dopamine.

Question 9

As part of the process of treating Phil's episode of manic behavior with lithium, the psychiatrist regularly monitored Phil's blood to ensure that:

Accepted Answer

A) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too low and produce symptoms of lithium poisoning. 
B) the highest possible blood levels of lithium were achieved. 
C) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too high and produce symptoms of lithium poisoning. 
D) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too low and result in vomiting, muscle weakness, and reduced muscle coordination. 
A) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too low and produce symptoms of lithium poisoning. 
B) the highest possible blood levels of lithium were achieved. 
C) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too high and produce symptoms of lithium poisoning. 
D) Phil's blood levels of lithium did not become too low and result in vomiting, muscle weakness, and reduced muscle coordination.

Question 10

The first antipsychotic medications:

Accepted Answer

A) effectively reduced apathy, social withdrawal, and other so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
B) resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of people hospitalized for schizophrenia. 
C) effectively reduced hallucinations, delusions, and other so-called positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D) proved to be physically addictive and were withdrawn from use by the early 1960s. 
A) effectively reduced apathy, social withdrawal, and other so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
B) resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of people hospitalized for schizophrenia. 
C) effectively reduced hallucinations, delusions, and other so-called positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D) proved to be physically addictive and were withdrawn from use by the early 1960s.

Question 11

Three-year-old Lauren refuses to stay in her own bed at night. When her parents put her back in her own bed, she screams and cries unless one of them stays in the room with her. After talking with a behavior therapist, the parents began using operant conditioning techniques that involved:

Accepted Answer

A) systematically extinguishing the undesirable behaviors (crying and screaming) by ignoring them and positively reinforcing the child for desirable behaviors (staying alone in her own bed). 
B) using counterconditioning and aversive conditioning to reduce the child's screaming and crying. 
C) identifying irrational beliefs and negative cognitive biases that contribute to Lauren's problem behavior and inappropriate emotions. 
D) creating an anxiety hierarchy for Lauren and teaching her progressive relaxation. 
A) systematically extinguishing the undesirable behaviors (crying and screaming) by ignoring them and positively reinforcing the child for desirable behaviors (staying alone in her own bed). 
B) using counterconditioning and aversive conditioning to reduce the child's screaming and crying. 
C) identifying irrational beliefs and negative cognitive biases that contribute to Lauren's problem behavior and inappropriate emotions. 
D) creating an anxiety hierarchy for Lauren and teaching her progressive relaxation.

Question 12

Jake is a therapist who practices Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, and Janice is a therapist who practices Albert Ellis's rational-emotive therapy. BOTH Jake and Janice would probably agree with which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) "Clients need an atmosphere of positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding if they are to learn how to direct their own lives." 
B) "Moods and emotions are the results of what people think about the events that happen to them, not the result of the events themselves." 
C) "To change personality, you must first become aware of your unconscious conflicts." 
D) "To eliminate a problem behavior, identify and change the environmental consequences that are reinforcing the undesired behavior." 
A) "Clients need an atmosphere of positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding if they are to learn how to direct their own lives." 
B) "Moods and emotions are the results of what people think about the events that happen to them, not the result of the events themselves." 
C) "To change personality, you must first become aware of your unconscious conflicts." 
D) "To eliminate a problem behavior, identify and change the environmental consequences that are reinforcing the undesired behavior."

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately describes the general role of insight in psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Once the client achieves insight into the unconscious origin of his or her problem, the problem immediately disappears. 
B) Insight into a problem's origins has no impact on the resolution of the problem. 
C) Therapy is complete and the patient is cured once insight is attained. 
D) Insight can be helpful if the client uses his or her insight to help change maladaptive patterns of behavior and thinking. 
A) Once the client achieves insight into the unconscious origin of his or her problem, the problem immediately disappears. 
B) Insight into a problem's origins has no impact on the resolution of the problem. 
C) Therapy is complete and the patient is cured once insight is attained. 
D) Insight can be helpful if the client uses his or her insight to help change maladaptive patterns of behavior and thinking.

Question 14

In comparison to the first generation of antidepressants, the second generation of antidepressants:

Accepted Answer

A) was much more effective than the first generation drugs and had virtually no side effects. 
B) was much less effective than the first generation drugs but had virtually no side effects. 
C) was generally no more effective than the first generation drugs and had many of the same side effects. 
D) helped reduce the physical symptoms of major depressive disorder but had no effect on the cognitive and emotional symptoms of major depressive disorder. 
A) was much more effective than the first generation drugs and had virtually no side effects. 
B) was much less effective than the first generation drugs but had virtually no side effects. 
C) was generally no more effective than the first generation drugs and had many of the same side effects. 
D) helped reduce the physical symptoms of major depressive disorder but had no effect on the cognitive and emotional symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Question 15

According to Carl Rogers, as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, more self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move toward:

Accepted Answer

A) rejecting the people who have caused their psychological pain. 
B) being self-centered, self-focused, and concerned with their own needs rather than with the needs of others. 
C) rejecting their therapist. 
D) t self-actualization. 
A) rejecting the people who have caused their psychological pain. 
B) being self-centered, self-focused, and concerned with their own needs rather than with the needs of others. 
C) rejecting their therapist. 
D) t self-actualization.

Question 16

By definition, psychotropic medications are:

Accepted Answer

A) natural supplements, including some vitamins and minerals, that have a psychoactive effect and often reduce the symptoms of mental illness. 
B) drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat mental disorders. 
C) natural substances that been used as traditional remedies in many different cultures. 
D) biomedical interventions that include DBS, VNS, TMS, and ECT. 
A) natural supplements, including some vitamins and minerals, that have a psychoactive effect and often reduce the symptoms of mental illness. 
B) drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat mental disorders. 
C) natural substances that been used as traditional remedies in many different cultures. 
D) biomedical interventions that include DBS, VNS, TMS, and ECT.

Question 17

Theresa is a psychotherapist who is working with a client named Ross. Currently, Ross is agonizing over whether he should stay married or file for divorce, but he can't seem to make up his mind. According to the guidelines in the textbook, Ross should expect Theresa to:

Accepted Answer

A) tell him what to do. 
B) recommend a good divorce lawyer. 
C) help him explore and better understand his own feelings about his marriage, so that he can make a responsible decision. 
D) call Ross's wife and tell her how Ross feels. 
A) tell him what to do. 
B) recommend a good divorce lawyer. 
C) help him explore and better understand his own feelings about his marriage, so that he can make a responsible decision. 
D) call Ross's wife and tell her how Ross feels.

Question 18

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A) Therapy is a collaborative effort; if you are going to benefit from psychotherapy, you must actively participate in the therapeutic process. 
B) Catharsis is the same as change; because it produces long-term emotional relief, catharsis itself resolves problems. 
C) Don't expect your therapist to make decisions for you; your therapist won't make decisions for you, but he or she will help you explore your feelings about important decisions. 
D) Don't expect change to happen overnight; as a general rule, most people make significant progress in a few months of weekly therapy sessions. 
A) Therapy is a collaborative effort; if you are going to benefit from psychotherapy, you must actively participate in the therapeutic process. 
B) Catharsis is the same as change; because it produces long-term emotional relief, catharsis itself resolves problems. 
C) Don't expect your therapist to make decisions for you; your therapist won't make decisions for you, but he or she will help you explore your feelings about important decisions. 
D) Don't expect change to happen overnight; as a general rule, most people make significant progress in a few months of weekly therapy sessions.

Question 19

Who is most likely to have claimed that "The patient sees in his analyst the return-the reincarnation-of some important figure out of his childhood or past, and consequently transfers on to him the feelings and reactions that undoubtedly applied to this model?"

Accepted Answer

A) Aaron Beck 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) Mary Cover Jones 
D) Joseph Wolpe 
A) Aaron Beck 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) Mary Cover Jones 
D) Joseph Wolpe

Question 20

Pamela's psychologist is using systematic desensitization to help Pamela overcome intense anxiety about thunderstorms and threatening weather. As part of the process, Pamela creates an anxiety hierarchy that includes a:

Accepted Answer

A) complete description of all the different fears that Pamela has had at any point in her life, including her current fear of thunderstorms. 
B) detailed description of all the physical and mental symptoms of anxiety that Pamela experiences. 
C) list of specific scenes related to her fear of thunderstorms, arranged from least anxiety-provoking to most anxiety-provoking. 
D) list of all her friends and relatives arranged according to their degree of anxiety about thunderstorms. 
A) complete description of all the different fears that Pamela has had at any point in her life, including her current fear of thunderstorms. 
B) detailed description of all the physical and mental symptoms of anxiety that Pamela experiences. 
C) list of specific scenes related to her fear of thunderstorms, arranged from least anxiety-provoking to most anxiety-provoking. 
D) list of all her friends and relatives arranged according to their degree of anxiety about thunderstorms.

Exam 14: Section 2: Therapies

Which of the following statements about the factors that contribute to effective psychotherapy is FALSE?

Research on new experimental treatments for major depressive disorder, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), suggests that:

Telford's research is concerned with how genes influence an individual's response to drugs. He works in a new field of study called:

Many self-help groups pattern themselves after the famous self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous and follow _____ approach.

One potential problem with the first (or typical) antipsychotic medications was that they:

The Focus on Neuroscience box entitled "Psychotherapy and the Brain" describes a brain imaging and treatment study of depressed participants, compared to a nondepressed control group. Which of the following results is NOT a result that was noted for this study?

Two newer antidepressants, Effexor and Cymbalta, are best classified as dual-reuptake inhibitors because they affect brain levels of two neurotransmitters called:

As part of the process of treating Phil's episode of manic behavior with lithium, the psychiatrist regularly monitored Phil's blood to ensure that:

The first antipsychotic medications:

Three-year-old Lauren refuses to stay in her own bed at night. When her parents put her back in her own bed, she screams and cries unless one of them stays in the room with her. After talking with a behavior therapist, the parents began using operant conditioning techniques that involved:

Jake is a therapist who practices Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, and Janice is a therapist who practices Albert Ellis's rational-emotive therapy. BOTH Jake and Janice would probably agree with which of the following statements?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the general role of insight in psychotherapy?

In comparison to the first generation of antidepressants, the second generation of antidepressants:

According to Carl Rogers, as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, more self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move toward:

By definition, psychotropic medications are:

Theresa is a psychotherapist who is working with a client named Ross. Currently, Ross is agonizing over whether he should stay married or file for divorce, but he can't seem to make up his mind. According to the guidelines in the textbook, Ross should expect Theresa to:

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Who is most likely to have claimed that "The patient sees in his analyst the return-the reincarnation-of some important figure out of his childhood or past, and consequently transfers on to him the feelings and reactions that undoubtedly applied to this model?"

Pamela's psychologist is using systematic desensitization to help Pamela overcome intense anxiety about thunderstorms and threatening weather. As part of the process, Pamela creates an anxiety hierarchy that includes a:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping