Question 1

Being able to hear the distinctive sounds made by different letters is called

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehension. 
B)  word recognition. 
C)  the stable-order principle. 
D)  phonological awareness. 
A)  comprehension. 
B)  word recognition. 
C)  the stable-order principle. 
D)  phonological awareness.

Question 2

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  memory strategies. 
C)  metacognitive knowledge. 
D)  metamemory. 
A)  cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  memory strategies. 
C)  metacognitive knowledge. 
D)  metamemory.

Question 3

According to Gelman and Meck (1986), the one-to-one principle, the stable-order principle, and the cardinality principle are usually mastered by

Accepted Answer

A)  five months of age. 
B)  one year of age. 
C)  three years of age. 
D)  five years of age. 
A)  five months of age. 
B)  one year of age. 
C)  three years of age. 
D)  five years of age.

Question 4

According to the ________ principle, the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable-order 
B)  propositional 
C)  cardinality 
D)  one-to-one 
A)  stable-order 
B)  propositional 
C)  cardinality 
D)  one-to-one

Question 5

In which of the following countries do students show the LOWEST math achievement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan 
B)  Taiwan 
C)  Korea 
D)  the United States 
A)  Japan 
B)  Taiwan 
C)  Korea 
D)  the United States

Question 6

Research on the accuracy of children's testimonies found

Accepted Answer

A)  preschoolers often spontaneously report events that did not happen. 
B)  preschoolers rarely were misled by suggestive questioning. 
C)  preschoolers were more likely to be misled when stereotypes and suggestive questioning were combined. 
D)  older preschoolers (five- and six-year-olds) were more likely to be misled by suggestive questioning than younger preschoolers (three- and four-year-olds). 
A)  preschoolers often spontaneously report events that did not happen. 
B)  preschoolers rarely were misled by suggestive questioning. 
C)  preschoolers were more likely to be misled when stereotypes and suggestive questioning were combined. 
D)  older preschoolers (five- and six-year-olds) were more likely to be misled by suggestive questioning than younger preschoolers (three- and four-year-olds).

Question 7

Knowledge that helps organize information and give it meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases with age. 
B)  increases with age. 
C)  does not change with age. 
D)  does not influence memory. 
A)  decreases with age. 
B)  increases with age. 
C)  does not change with age. 
D)  does not influence memory.

Question 8

Some conspicuous faults that children have with scientific problem solving include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they often devise experiments in which variables are confounded. 
B)  they often use automatic processes instead of encoding processes. 
C)  they often reach conclusions prematurely, basing them on too little evidence. 
D)  they often have difficulty integrating theory and data. 
A)  they often devise experiments in which variables are confounded. 
B)  they often use automatic processes instead of encoding processes. 
C)  they often reach conclusions prematurely, basing them on too little evidence. 
D)  they often have difficulty integrating theory and data.

Question 9

You show five-month-old Zachary many pictures of two objects. At first he looks at each picture for several seconds, but after several are shown he just glances at each briefly then looks away. Then you show him a picture of three objects. What would you expect him to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Look at the picture briefly then look away, because to him it looks just like a picture with two objects. 
B)  Look at the picture with renewed interest for several seconds, because he will recognize that three objects are different from two objects. 
C)  Look at the picture and say, "One, two, three." 
D)  Start crying and refuse to look at the picture because it is unfamiliar. 
A)  Look at the picture briefly then look away, because to him it looks just like a picture with two objects. 
B)  Look at the picture with renewed interest for several seconds, because he will recognize that three objects are different from two objects. 
C)  Look at the picture and say, "One, two, three." 
D)  Start crying and refuse to look at the picture because it is unfamiliar.

Question 10

Research by Chi (1978) with child chess experts and adult chess novices has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge within a particular area does not influence memory performance. 
B)  adults' memories are better than children's even when children have expert knowledge in a particular area. 
C)  knowledge in a particular area organizes and gives meaning to new information. 
D)  child chess experts could not remember more chess pieces than adult chess novices. 
A)  knowledge within a particular area does not influence memory performance. 
B)  adults' memories are better than children's even when children have expert knowledge in a particular area. 
C)  knowledge in a particular area organizes and gives meaning to new information. 
D)  child chess experts could not remember more chess pieces than adult chess novices.

Question 11

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children's knowledge of their world increases so they understand more of what they read. 
B)  Working memory capacity decreases which makes identifying propositions more difficult. 
C)  Younger readers are more likely to reread passages that they find confusing or difficult. 
D)  Younger readers are better able to select a reading strategy that fits the material being read. 
A)  Children's knowledge of their world increases so they understand more of what they read. 
B)  Working memory capacity decreases which makes identifying propositions more difficult. 
C)  Younger readers are more likely to reread passages that they find confusing or difficult. 
D)  Younger readers are better able to select a reading strategy that fits the material being read.

Question 12

Most parents of students in Japan and Taiwan

Accepted Answer

A)  are very satisfied with their children's schoolwork. 
B)  believe that native ability is the prime determinant of success in school. 
C)  see little reason to encourage their children to become involved in activities that foster mathematics skill. 
D)  emphasize the role of effort in children's academic achievement. 
A)  are very satisfied with their children's schoolwork. 
B)  believe that native ability is the prime determinant of success in school. 
C)  see little reason to encourage their children to become involved in activities that foster mathematics skill. 
D)  emphasize the role of effort in children's academic achievement.

Question 13

Gene has discovered that even though he has underlined the most important information in the textbook, he does not know any of the material very well. What should he do?

Accepted Answer

A)  He should determine the parts of the textbook he is not learning, and underline more in those parts of the textbook. 
B)  He should underline in a different colour. 
C)  He should underline more selectively. 
D)  He should choose another memory strategy. 
A)  He should determine the parts of the textbook he is not learning, and underline more in those parts of the textbook. 
B)  He should underline in a different colour. 
C)  He should underline more selectively. 
D)  He should choose another memory strategy.

Question 14

Dr. Morris said the words cat, hat, dog, and bat and asked Alana which word did not rhyme with the others. Dr. Morris appears to be interested in Alana's

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehension. 
B)  phonological awareness. 
C)  word recognition. 
D)  propositions. 
A)  comprehension. 
B)  phonological awareness. 
C)  word recognition. 
D)  propositions.

Question 15

All of the following are factors that contribute to young children's failure to use prior planning to solve problems EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  young children may believe that they don't need an explicit plan to solve a problem. 
B)  planning is hard work that young children may not be willing to invest in. 
C)  planning requires encoding processes which young children don't possess. 
D)  young children may expect parents and adults to solve complex problems for them. 
A)  young children may believe that they don't need an explicit plan to solve a problem. 
B)  planning is hard work that young children may not be willing to invest in. 
C)  planning requires encoding processes which young children don't possess. 
D)  young children may expect parents and adults to solve complex problems for them.

Question 16

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  a script. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  monitoring. 
D)  repeated questioning. 
A)  a script. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  monitoring. 
D)  repeated questioning.

Question 17

Psychologists often characterize children's knowledge in terms of a network in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the entries are unrelated to one another. 
B)  younger children have fewer entries but more connecting links. 
C)  information is organized for adults but not for children. 
D)  younger children have fewer entries and fewer and weaker connecting links. 
A)  the entries are unrelated to one another. 
B)  younger children have fewer entries but more connecting links. 
C)  information is organized for adults but not for children. 
D)  younger children have fewer entries and fewer and weaker connecting links.

Question 18

The one-to-one principle states

Accepted Answer

A)  that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects. 
B)  that number names must be counted in the same order. 
C)  that there must be one and only one number name for each object that is counted. 
D)  the conventional sequence of the number names. 
A)  that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects. 
B)  that number names must be counted in the same order. 
C)  that there must be one and only one number name for each object that is counted. 
D)  the conventional sequence of the number names.

Question 19

Structuring information to be remembered so that related information is placed together is a memory strategy known as

Accepted Answer

A)  organization. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  elaboration. 
D)  metacognition. 
A)  organization. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  elaboration. 
D)  metacognition.

Question 20

When Kelly saw the word hat, she said, "H-h-h-h-a-a-a-t-t-t!" Kelly appeared to use ________ to recognize the word hat.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct retrieval 
B)  context cues 
C)  comprehension 
D)  sounding out 
A)  direct retrieval 
B)  context cues 
C)  comprehension 
D)  sounding out

Exam 7: B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Being able to hear the distinctive sounds made by different letters is called

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

According to Gelman and Meck (1986), the one-to-one principle, the stable-order principle, and the cardinality principle are usually mastered by

According to the ________ principle, the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects.

In which of the following countries do students show the LOWEST math achievement?

Research on the accuracy of children's testimonies found

Knowledge that helps organize information and give it meaning

Some conspicuous faults that children have with scientific problem solving include all of the following EXCEPT

You show five-month-old Zachary many pictures of two objects. At first he looks at each picture for several seconds, but after several are shown he just glances at each briefly then looks away. Then you show him a picture of three objects. What would you expect him to do?

Research by Chi (1978) with child chess experts and adult chess novices has shown that

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Most parents of students in Japan and Taiwan

Gene has discovered that even though he has underlined the most important information in the textbook, he does not know any of the material very well. What should he do?

Dr. Morris said the words cat, hat, dog, and bat and asked Alana which word did not rhyme with the others. Dr. Morris appears to be interested in Alana's

All of the following are factors that contribute to young children's failure to use prior planning to solve problems EXCEPT

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Psychologists often characterize children's knowledge in terms of a network in which

The one-to-one principle states

Structuring information to be remembered so that related information is placed together is a memory strategy known as

When Kelly saw the word hat, she said, "H-h-h-h-a-a-a-t-t-t!" Kelly appeared to use ________ to recognize the word hat.

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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