Question 1

With maturation in the _____________________ over the first 24 months, children's memory skills gradually improve.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala and prefrontal cortex 
B)  hippocampus and prefrontal cortex 
C)  thalamus 
D)  amygdala 
A)  amygdala and prefrontal cortex 
B)  hippocampus and prefrontal cortex 
C)  thalamus 
D)  amygdala

Question 2

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal 
B)  outlining 
C)  summarizing 
D)  looking at or touching a to-be-remembered object 
A)  rehearsal 
B)  outlining 
C)  summarizing 
D)  looking at or touching a to-be-remembered object

Question 3

Who has mastered the stable-order principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jacob, who sometimes counts five objects as "1, 2, 4, 5, 6" and other times as "1, 2, 3, 5, 7". 
B)  Will, who always counts five objects as "1, 2, 5, 7, 8". 
C)  Nate, who consistently counts five objects as "1, 2, 3, 4, 5". 
D)  Both Will and Nate. 
A)  Jacob, who sometimes counts five objects as "1, 2, 4, 5, 6" and other times as "1, 2, 3, 5, 7". 
B)  Will, who always counts five objects as "1, 2, 5, 7, 8". 
C)  Nate, who consistently counts five objects as "1, 2, 3, 4, 5". 
D)  Both Will and Nate.

Question 4

________ refers to people's memory of the significant events and experiences of their own lives.

Accepted Answer

A)  Infantile amnesia 
B)  Sensory store 
C)  Automatic processing 
D)  Autobiographical memory 
A)  Infantile amnesia 
B)  Sensory store 
C)  Automatic processing 
D)  Autobiographical memory

Question 5

Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but are often useful in solving a range of problems are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding processes. 
B)  decoding processes. 
C)  means-ends analysis. 
D)  heuristics. 
A)  encoding processes. 
B)  decoding processes. 
C)  means-ends analysis. 
D)  heuristics.

Question 6

To obtain reliable testimony from preschoolers

Accepted Answer

A)  children should be interviewed as soon as possible after the event in question. 
B)  children should be warned that sometimes interviewers may try to trick them. 
C)  children should be questioned repeatedly on a single issue. 
D)  adults should suggest possible events to cue the child's memory 
A)  children should be interviewed as soon as possible after the event in question. 
B)  children should be warned that sometimes interviewers may try to trick them. 
C)  children should be questioned repeatedly on a single issue. 
D)  adults should suggest possible events to cue the child's memory

Question 7

"Sounding out" words

Accepted Answer

A)  is more common in older readers than in beginning readers. 
B)  is commonly done by beginning readers. 
C)  hinders reading ability. 
D)  involves recognizing words through direct retrieval from long-term memory 
A)  is more common in older readers than in beginning readers. 
B)  is commonly done by beginning readers. 
C)  hinders reading ability. 
D)  involves recognizing words through direct retrieval from long-term memory

Question 8

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be involved in successful learning and remembering?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using rehearsal. 
B)  Identifying the goals of a memory problem. 
C)  Choosing an effective memory strategy. 
D)  Monitoring the effectiveness of the chosen memory strategy. 
A)  Using rehearsal. 
B)  Identifying the goals of a memory problem. 
C)  Choosing an effective memory strategy. 
D)  Monitoring the effectiveness of the chosen memory strategy.

Question 9

A baby who pulls a cloth toward herself to achieve the main goal of grabbing a toy is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  means-ends analysis. 
B)  memory. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  automatic processes. 
A)  means-ends analysis. 
B)  memory. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  automatic processes.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about learning to count is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once children can apply the one-to-one, the stable-order, and the cardinality principles they will count like adults. 
B)  Learning to count beyond nine is easier than learning to count up to nine. 
C)  When there are limits to how far a child knows how to count, the child will usually stop counting at a number ending in 0. 
D)  Learning to count beyond 10 is easier in English than in other languages. 
A)  Once children can apply the one-to-one, the stable-order, and the cardinality principles they will count like adults. 
B)  Learning to count beyond nine is easier than learning to count up to nine. 
C)  When there are limits to how far a child knows how to count, the child will usually stop counting at a number ending in 0. 
D)  Learning to count beyond 10 is easier in English than in other languages.

Question 11

Rovee-Collier's experiments in which two- to three-month-old infants learned to kick to make a mobile move showed that two- to three-month-old infants

Accepted Answer

A)  are not able to remember events from the past. 
B)  can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks, but over time will not be able to recall the event even if given a memory cue. 
C)  can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks, but over time will not be able to recall the event unless given a memory cue. 
D)  can remember events from the past for months without being given a memory cue. 
A)  are not able to remember events from the past. 
B)  can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks, but over time will not be able to recall the event even if given a memory cue. 
C)  can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks, but over time will not be able to recall the event unless given a memory cue. 
D)  can remember events from the past for months without being given a memory cue.

Question 12

The ability to use an effective memory strategy

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change with age. 
B)  involves evaluating the effectiveness of a particular strategy for the task at hand. 
C)  does not influence how much one remembers. 
D)  is well-developed by the time children are seven years old. 
A)  does not change with age. 
B)  involves evaluating the effectiveness of a particular strategy for the task at hand. 
C)  does not influence how much one remembers. 
D)  is well-developed by the time children are seven years old.

Question 13

When Chi (1978) asked child chess experts and adult chess novices to remember sequences of numbers and positions of chess pieces on a chess board, she found that

Accepted Answer

A)  child chess experts remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than adult chess novices did. 
B)  adult chess novices remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than child chess experts did. 
C)  adult chess novices remembered more number sequences, but child chess experts remembered more chess piece patterns. 
D)  child chess experts remembered more number sequences, but adult chess novices remembered more chess piece patterns. 
A)  child chess experts remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than adult chess novices did. 
B)  adult chess novices remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than child chess experts did. 
C)  adult chess novices remembered more number sequences, but child chess experts remembered more chess piece patterns. 
D)  child chess experts remembered more number sequences, but adult chess novices remembered more chess piece patterns.

Question 14

If you ask a five-year-old, "If you had three cookies and I gave you two more, how many cookies would you have altogether?", the preschooler would

Accepted Answer

A)  be unlikely to be able to answer the question correctly. 
B)  probably solve the problem by counting on his fingers. 
C)  probably solve the problem by counting mentally. 
D)  probably solve the problem by retrieving the answer from memory. 
A)  be unlikely to be able to answer the question correctly. 
B)  probably solve the problem by counting on his fingers. 
C)  probably solve the problem by counting mentally. 
D)  probably solve the problem by retrieving the answer from memory.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in working memory capacity with age 
B)  increased general knowledge about the world with age 
C)  lower levels of comprehension monitoring with age 
D)  selecting more appropriate reading strategies with age 
A)  increases in working memory capacity with age 
B)  increased general knowledge about the world with age 
C)  lower levels of comprehension monitoring with age 
D)  selecting more appropriate reading strategies with age

Question 16

As a general rule, as children get older, they solve problems

Accepted Answer

A)  more often and more effectively. 
B)  more often but less effectively. 
C)  less often but more effectively. 
D)  less often and less effectively 
A)  more often and more effectively. 
B)  more often but less effectively. 
C)  less often but more effectively. 
D)  less often and less effectively

Question 17

________ involves the evaluation of a strategy to determine its effectiveness

Accepted Answer

A)  Rehearsal 
B)  Scripting 
C)  Summarizing 
D)  Monitoring 
A)  Rehearsal 
B)  Scripting 
C)  Summarizing 
D)  Monitoring

Question 18

________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.

Accepted Answer

A)  Comprehension 
B)  Word recognition 
C)  The cardinality principle 
D)  Phonological awareness 
A)  Comprehension 
B)  Word recognition 
C)  The cardinality principle 
D)  Phonological awareness

Question 19

When readers recognize t faster in cast than in asct, it is most likely because they are using ________ as an aid to letter recognition.

Accepted Answer

A)  sounding out 
B)  direct retrieval 
C)  context 
D)  comprehension 
A)  sounding out 
B)  direct retrieval 
C)  context 
D)  comprehension

Question 20

Compared to American students, students in Japan and Taiwan spend

Accepted Answer

A)  more time on homework, but American students value homework more. 
B)  about the same amount of time on homework. 
C)  less time on homework, but they value it more than do American students. 
D)  more time on homework and they value it more than do American students. 
A)  more time on homework, but American students value homework more. 
B)  about the same amount of time on homework. 
C)  less time on homework, but they value it more than do American students. 
D)  more time on homework and they value it more than do American students.

Exam 7: B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

With maturation in the _____________________ over the first 24 months, children's memory skills gradually improve.

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Who has mastered the stable-order principle?

________ refers to people's memory of the significant events and experiences of their own lives.

Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but are often useful in solving a range of problems are known as

To obtain reliable testimony from preschoolers

"Sounding out" words

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be involved in successful learning and remembering?

A baby who pulls a cloth toward herself to achieve the main goal of grabbing a toy is demonstrating

Which of the following statements about learning to count is TRUE?

Rovee-Collier's experiments in which two- to three-month-old infants learned to kick to make a mobile move showed that two- to three-month-old infants

The ability to use an effective memory strategy

When Chi (1978) asked child chess experts and adult chess novices to remember sequences of numbers and positions of chess pieces on a chess board, she found that

If you ask a five-year-old, "If you had three cookies and I gave you two more, how many cookies would you have altogether?", the preschooler would

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

As a general rule, as children get older, they solve problems

________ involves the evaluation of a strategy to determine its effectiveness

________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.

When readers recognize t faster in cast than in asct, it is most likely because they are using ________ as an aid to letter recognition.

Compared to American students, students in Japan and Taiwan spend

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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