Question 1

________ is the process by which we select information that will be processed further.

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation 
B)  Orienting response 
C)  Attention 
D)  Differentiation 
A)  Habituation 
B)  Orienting response 
C)  Attention 
D)  Differentiation

Question 2

When three-month-olds look at faces, they

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on the interior of the face, especially the eyes and lips. 
B)  focus on the hairline. 
C)  focus on the exterior of the face, particularly the ears. 
D)  scan all parts of the face equally. 
A)  focus on the interior of the face, especially the eyes and lips. 
B)  focus on the hairline. 
C)  focus on the exterior of the face, particularly the ears. 
D)  scan all parts of the face equally.

Question 3

Parents should be concerned about their child's hearing if the child

Accepted Answer

A)  doesn't imitate speech sounds and simple words by six months of age. 
B)  has repeated ear infections. 
C)  responds strongly to loud, sudden noises. 
D)  turns its head in the direction of sounds. 
A)  doesn't imitate speech sounds and simple words by six months of age. 
B)  has repeated ear infections. 
C)  responds strongly to loud, sudden noises. 
D)  turns its head in the direction of sounds.

Question 4

Haley is looking at Bill. The two retinal images of Bill in Haley's eyes are nearly identical. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  Bill is very close to Haley. 
B)  Bill is very far from Haley. 
C)  Haley will have difficulty judging how far Bill is from her. 
D)  Haley can see Bill very clearly. 
A)  Bill is very close to Haley. 
B)  Bill is very far from Haley. 
C)  Haley will have difficulty judging how far Bill is from her. 
D)  Haley can see Bill very clearly.

Question 5

Thomas and Alva should begin to be concerned about a possible hearing impairment if their infant son does not begin to imitate speech sounds and simple words by

Accepted Answer

A)  one month of age. 
B)  four months of age. 
C)  six months of age. 
D)  12 months of age. 
A)  one month of age. 
B)  four months of age. 
C)  six months of age. 
D)  12 months of age.

Question 6

Your friends John and Lisa are wondering whether their newborn son can feel pain. What can you tell them about infants' ability to feel pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant nervous systems are not sufficiently developed to transmit pain. 
B)  The skin of infants does not have as many pain receptors as does the skin of adults. 
C)  Behaviour suggests that newborns do not experience pain. 
D)  Physical development and behaviour suggests that newborns are capable of feeling pain. 
A)  Infant nervous systems are not sufficiently developed to transmit pain. 
B)  The skin of infants does not have as many pain receptors as does the skin of adults. 
C)  Behaviour suggests that newborns do not experience pain. 
D)  Physical development and behaviour suggests that newborns are capable of feeling pain.

Question 7

Shelley is convinced that her two-week-old baby can smell the difference between her breast milk and the breast milk she received from a donor. Her husband thinks she has a vivid imagination because there is no way a newborn baby could detect the difference. What does research evidence suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shelley's husband is right. Two-week-old infants have no sense of smell. 
B)  Shelley's husband is right. Two-week-old infants can smell very strong smells, but they can't make fine discriminations such as between two different mother's breast milk. 
C)  Shelley is right. Two-week-old infants can identify the smell of their mother's breast milk. 
D)  Shelley's baby may be able to identify the taste but not the smell of her mother's breast milk. 
A)  Shelley's husband is right. Two-week-old infants have no sense of smell. 
B)  Shelley's husband is right. Two-week-old infants can smell very strong smells, but they can't make fine discriminations such as between two different mother's breast milk. 
C)  Shelley is right. Two-week-old infants can identify the smell of their mother's breast milk. 
D)  Shelley's baby may be able to identify the taste but not the smell of her mother's breast milk.

Question 8

Paula is interested in finding out whether infants can distinguish between bitter and salty tastes. What would be the most effective way to investigate her question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ask adults when they first remembered eating something bitter and something salty. 
B)  Repeatedly present one taste either bitter or salty and see whether infants habituate to it. 
C)  Observe infants' facial expressions or head movements to see whether they respond differently to bitter and salty tastes. 
D)  Use infants or toddlers who are old enough to answer questions about how things taste. 
A)  Ask adults when they first remembered eating something bitter and something salty. 
B)  Repeatedly present one taste either bitter or salty and see whether infants habituate to it. 
C)  Observe infants' facial expressions or head movements to see whether they respond differently to bitter and salty tastes. 
D)  Use infants or toddlers who are old enough to answer questions about how things taste.

Question 9

One-month-old Mari's grimace after tasting a substance suggests that what she tasted was

Accepted Answer

A)  bitter. 
B)  salty. 
C)  sweet. 
D)  spicy. 
A)  bitter. 
B)  salty. 
C)  sweet. 
D)  spicy.

Question 10

According to the information in your textbook, what recommendation would be most effective in improving the physical fitness of elementary-school aged children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Have school physical education classes focus more on team sports. 
B)  Have physical education classes spend more time on discussion of fitness and less time on exercising. 
C)  Have physical education classes focus more on individual activities that can be done throughout life. 
D)  Continue offering physical education classes in the same way as they are now because they have been shown to be very effective in improving children's fitness. 
A)  Have school physical education classes focus more on team sports. 
B)  Have physical education classes spend more time on discussion of fitness and less time on exercising. 
C)  Have physical education classes focus more on individual activities that can be done throughout life. 
D)  Continue offering physical education classes in the same way as they are now because they have been shown to be very effective in improving children's fitness.

Question 11

Visual acuity assesses how

Accepted Answer

A)  clearly an infant can see. 
B)  well an infant can perceive depth. 
C)  well an infant can perceive colour. 
D)  retinal images in the left and right eyes compare. 
A)  clearly an infant can see. 
B)  well an infant can perceive depth. 
C)  well an infant can perceive colour. 
D)  retinal images in the left and right eyes compare.

Question 12

Texture gradient cues are used to infer depth

Accepted Answer

A)  in the newborn. 
B)  beginning at three months of age. 
C)  by seven months of age. 
D)  after the first birthday. 
A)  in the newborn. 
B)  beginning at three months of age. 
C)  by seven months of age. 
D)  after the first birthday.

Question 13

Newborns' sense of smell

Accepted Answer

A)  is so poor that they cannot identify their mothers using the sense of smell. 
B)  is very different from that of adults. Newborns will turn away from odours that adults find pleasant (e.g., honey or chocolate). 
C)  is well-developed at birth. 
D)  is poorly developed because they do not turn away from unpleasant smells (e.g., rotten eggs). 
A)  is so poor that they cannot identify their mothers using the sense of smell. 
B)  is very different from that of adults. Newborns will turn away from odours that adults find pleasant (e.g., honey or chocolate). 
C)  is well-developed at birth. 
D)  is poorly developed because they do not turn away from unpleasant smells (e.g., rotten eggs).

Question 14

Which of the following is true about ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most children grow out of ADHD. 
B)  Identical twins are often both diagnosed with ADHD but this is uncommon for fraternal twins. 
C)  ADHD is caused by watching too much television. 
D)  Many healthy children are wrongly diagnosed with ADHD. 
A)  Most children grow out of ADHD. 
B)  Identical twins are often both diagnosed with ADHD but this is uncommon for fraternal twins. 
C)  ADHD is caused by watching too much television. 
D)  Many healthy children are wrongly diagnosed with ADHD.

Question 15

Research suggests that ADHD

Accepted Answer

A)  can be helped with psychosocial treatments. 
B)  is caused by too much sugar. 
C)  is something that children usually grow out of in adolescence or young adulthood. 
D)  is often incorrectly diagnosed in children who do not have ADHD. 
A)  can be helped with psychosocial treatments. 
B)  is caused by too much sugar. 
C)  is something that children usually grow out of in adolescence or young adulthood. 
D)  is often incorrectly diagnosed in children who do not have ADHD.

Question 16

The realization that an object's actual size remains the same despite changes in the size of its retinal image is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal disparity. 
B)  size constancy. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  shape constancy. 
A)  retinal disparity. 
B)  size constancy. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  shape constancy.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of 5-month-olds?

Accepted Answer

A)  they can recognize their own name 
B)  they are sensitive to the rhythmic structure of music 
C)  they prefer dissonant sounds 
D)  they can differentiate vowels from consonant sounds 
A)  they can recognize their own name 
B)  they are sensitive to the rhythmic structure of music 
C)  they prefer dissonant sounds 
D)  they can differentiate vowels from consonant sounds

Question 18

Differences in ________ are related to differences in colour perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal disparity 
B)  wavelengths of light 
C)  visual acuity 
D)  pattern detection 
A)  retinal disparity 
B)  wavelengths of light 
C)  visual acuity 
D)  pattern detection

Question 19

By what age do infants typically have vision as good as that of normal adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  at birth 
B)  by two months of age 
C)  by one year of age 
D)  by two years of age 
A)  at birth 
B)  by two months of age 
C)  by one year of age 
D)  by two years of age

Question 20

Most four-month-olds

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have the muscles necessary to keep their balance. 
B)  use cues from the inner ears to maintain balance. 
C)  use only visual cues to maintain balance. 
D)  cannot maintain balance if they are blindfolded. 
A)  do not have the muscles necessary to keep their balance. 
B)  use cues from the inner ears to maintain balance. 
C)  use only visual cues to maintain balance. 
D)  cannot maintain balance if they are blindfolded.

Exam 5: B: Perceptual and Motor Development

________ is the process by which we select information that will be processed further.

When three-month-olds look at faces, they

Parents should be concerned about their child's hearing if the child

Haley is looking at Bill. The two retinal images of Bill in Haley's eyes are nearly identical. This suggests that

Thomas and Alva should begin to be concerned about a possible hearing impairment if their infant son does not begin to imitate speech sounds and simple words by

Your friends John and Lisa are wondering whether their newborn son can feel pain. What can you tell them about infants' ability to feel pain?

Shelley is convinced that her two-week-old baby can smell the difference between her breast milk and the breast milk she received from a donor. Her husband thinks she has a vivid imagination because there is no way a newborn baby could detect the difference. What does research evidence suggest?

Paula is interested in finding out whether infants can distinguish between bitter and salty tastes. What would be the most effective way to investigate her question?

One-month-old Mari's grimace after tasting a substance suggests that what she tasted was

According to the information in your textbook, what recommendation would be most effective in improving the physical fitness of elementary-school aged children?

Visual acuity assesses how

Texture gradient cues are used to infer depth

Newborns' sense of smell

Which of the following is true about ADHD?

Research suggests that ADHD

The realization that an object's actual size remains the same despite changes in the size of its retinal image is referred to as

Which of the following is NOT true of 5-month-olds?

Differences in ________ are related to differences in colour perception.

By what age do infants typically have vision as good as that of normal adults?

Most four-month-olds

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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