Exam 10: A: Emotional Development

Anger is a complex emotion.

Infants are more fearful of strangers in a familiar environment.

Infants of mothers who interact easily and confidently with them are more likely to develop intense, difficult temperaments.

Shy children often have difficulties interacting with peers and often do not cope effectively with problems.

Infants and toddlers who resist control tend to have behaviour problems when they are older if their mothers did not exert much control.

Anxious, fearful children are less likely to comply with a parent's rules and requests.

Most North American infants become attached to their mothers but not their fathers.

About 60-65 percent of North American babies have secure attachment relationships.

The results of twin studies provide evidence that heredity does not influence temperament.

Social referencing shows that infants rely on their parents' emotions to regulate their own behaviour.

According to John Bowlby, children are more likely to survive if they form an attachment to an adult.

When infants are distressed they prefer to be comforted by their fathers.

Children who are frequently angry or fearful are more prone to depression.

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behaviour.

Fathers are more likely than mothers to read to and play games like peek-a-boo with their babies

Around seven months of age, the attachment figure becomes a stable social-emotional base.

During preattachment, babies behave differently in the presence of familiar and unfamiliar adults

Children with secure attachment relationships have higher-quality friendships and fewer conflicts with peers than children with insecure attachment relationships.

Children who cannot control their emotions often have difficulty resolving conflicts with peers.

Complex emotions emerge between 18 to 24 months of age.