Question 1

A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning 
A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning

Question 2

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals of

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor neuron axons. 
C)  sensory neuron axons. 
D)  motor neuron dendrites. 
E)  sensory neuron dendrites. 
A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor neuron axons. 
C)  sensory neuron axons. 
D)  motor neuron dendrites. 
E)  sensory neuron dendrites.

Question 3

What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  tactile 
E)  electrical 
A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  tactile 
E)  electrical

Question 4

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, those classified as glycolytic typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B)  a higher density of mitochondria. 
C)  a darker visual appearance. 
D)  a smaller diameter. 
E)  less resistance to fatigue. 
A)  a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B)  a higher density of mitochondria. 
C)  a darker visual appearance. 
D)  a smaller diameter. 
E)  less resistance to fatigue.

Question 5

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning 
A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? 1. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites.
2) Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3) Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4) The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5) An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D)  5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D)  5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 7

The contraction of skeletal muscles is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  actin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
B)  myosin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
C)  actin and myosin filaments both coiling up to become shorter. 
D)  actin cross-bridges binding to myosin and transitioning from a high-energy to a low-energy state. 
E)  myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and transitioning from a high-energy to a low-energy state. 
A)  actin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
B)  myosin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
C)  actin and myosin filaments both coiling up to become shorter. 
D)  actin cross-bridges binding to myosin and transitioning from a high-energy to a low-energy state. 
E)  myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and transitioning from a high-energy to a low-energy state.

Question 8

Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes. 
B)  The behavior varies among individuals. 
C)  An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. 
D)  Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited. 
E)  An individual's genotype influences its behavioral phenotype. 
A)  In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes. 
B)  The behavior varies among individuals. 
C)  An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. 
D)  Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited. 
E)  An individual's genotype influences its behavioral phenotype.

Question 9

A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called

Accepted Answer

A)  insight. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  trial-and-error learning. 
A)  insight. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  trial-and-error learning.

Question 10

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear young that are precocious (develop and mature rapidly)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. 
B)  Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as they deem worthy to share their genes with in reproduction. 
C)  Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking out and mating with many females. 
D)  Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. 
E)  Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology, so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons. 
A)  Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. 
B)  Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as they deem worthy to share their genes with in reproduction. 
C)  Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking out and mating with many females. 
D)  Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. 
E)  Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology, so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons.

Question 11

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  population density. 
B)  territoriality. 
C)  certainty of paternity. 
D)  sexual dimorphism. 
E)  None of the options is correct. 
A)  population density. 
B)  territoriality. 
C)  certainty of paternity. 
D)  sexual dimorphism. 
E)  None of the options is correct.

Question 12

The mating system in which females are more ornamented than males is

Accepted Answer

A)  monogamy. 
B)  promiscuity. 
C)  polygamy. 
D)  polygyny. 
E)  polyandry. 
A)  monogamy. 
B)  promiscuity. 
C)  polygamy. 
D)  polygyny. 
E)  polyandry.

Question 13

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately relax. 
B)  release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D)  fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigor." 
E)  sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  immediately relax. 
B)  release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D)  fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigor." 
E)  sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  the initiation of an action potential. 
C)  maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D)  initiating contraction. 
E)  its ability to sustain glycolysis. 
A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  the initiation of an action potential. 
C)  maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D)  initiating contraction. 
E)  its ability to sustain glycolysis.

Exam 39: Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior?

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals of

What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night?

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, those classified as glycolytic typically have

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

The contraction of skeletal muscles is based on

Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?

A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear young that are precocious (develop and mature rapidly)?

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

The mating system in which females are more ornamented than males is

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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