Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The participants assigned to the control group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Rehabilitation psychology focuses on the role of psychological factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness and includes such areas as stress and coping, the relationship between psychological factors and physical health, and ways of promoting health-enhancing behaviors.

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was that elderly people who were led to believe that their health was "poor" would have more health problems than those who perceived their health as "excellent."

Wilhelm Wundt wrote a landmark textbook titled Principles of Physiological Psychology in the 1870s that promoted his belief that psychology should be established as a separate scientific discipline.

Structuralism:

If a student is enrolled in a psychology class, then it is unnecessary to obtain an informed consent from the person if he or she is taking part in an experiment that is a requirement of the class.

Humanistic psychology was largely founded by the American psychologist B. F. Skinner.

In a double-blind experiment, participants are both blindfolded and placed in a sound-proof chamber.

Replication of research findings increases confidence in the accuracy of the findings.

The confirmation bias refers to the empirical or scientific evidence that is used to confirm or support pseudoscientific claims.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

The specialty area that applies psychological knowledge to help people with chronic and disabling health conditions adapt to their situation and attain optimal psychological, interpersonal, and physical functioning is called health psychology.

Introspection was not a good method for psychological inquiry because it could not be used to study a variety of complex topics, such as learning, development, and personality.

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the study of the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics.

Psychologists who adhere to the behavioral perspective tend to emphasize environmental influences on behavior, particularly behavior that can be directly observed and measured.

The specialty area of psychology that helps people of all ages adjust, adapt, and cope with personal and interpersonal problems in such diverse areas as relationships, work, education, marriage, child rearing, and aging is called:

What contributions did Mary Whiton Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn make to psychology?

A news article about psychological research on sex differences in rates of major depression noted that the research was originally reported in Psychological Science, a journal published by the American Psychological Society. Knowing this, you can safely assume that:

Psychologists who adopt the evolutionary perspective study the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes.

Once a person has agreed to participate in a research study as a subject: