Question 1

In a scientifically conducted survey, describe how participants should be selected and explain the importance of the selection process.

Accepted Answer

In a scientifically conducted survey, pa

Question 2

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship among various findings and observations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific:

Accepted Answer

A)  study of mental processes in human and nonhuman animals. 
B)  study of the cause and treatment of mental illness. 
C)  study of behavior and mental processes. 
D)  investigation of unconscious mental processes. 
A)  study of mental processes in human and nonhuman animals. 
B)  study of the cause and treatment of mental illness. 
C)  study of behavior and mental processes. 
D)  investigation of unconscious mental processes.

Question 4

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of choices and self-direction to his clients so that they can strive to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  cognitive 
D)  humanistic 
A)  cross-cultural 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  cognitive 
D)  humanistic

Question 5

Psychologists have concluded that it is impossible to apply the principle of natural selection to psychological processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What role did William James play in the founding of psychology in the United States?

Accepted Answer

William James played a pivotal role in t

Question 7

Professor Anderson is interested in how family relationships change over time. During the last two decades, he has kept track of and repeatedly surveyed the same group of 3,000 participants about changes in their relationships with their parents and siblings. Professor Anderson is most likely a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  forensic 
B)  health 
C)  rehabilitation 
D)  developmental 
A)  forensic 
B)  health 
C)  rehabilitation 
D)  developmental

Question 8

In a study on the effects of caffeine on memory, participants drank a bottle of tasteless water containing 100, 50, or 0 milligrams of caffeine. The participants assigned to the group that drank bottled water with no caffeine represented the _____ in this study.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  placebo control group 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  experimental group 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  placebo control group 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  experimental group

Question 9

According to the Science Versus Pseudoscience feature in Chapter 1, which of the following items is NOT one of the strategies used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?

Accepted Answer

A)  shifting the burden of proof 
B)  use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims 
C)  combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings 
D)  use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists 
A)  shifting the burden of proof 
B)  use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims 
C)  combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings 
D)  use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists

Question 10

In case-based research, information from multiple case studies is systematically combined and analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

It took more than ten years to write and was 1,400 pages long when it was published. Who wrote the landmark textbook Principles of Psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  Margaret Floy Washburn 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  William James 
A)  John B. Watson 
B)  Margaret Floy Washburn 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  William James

Question 12

Correlational research is useful because it can:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide compelling evidence of cause-and-effect relationships. 
B)  help identify the factors that play an important role in the behavior that is being investigated and rule out the factors that do not. 
C)  provide a detailed description of a single individual. 
D)  promote the acceptance of pseudosciences. 
A)  provide compelling evidence of cause-and-effect relationships. 
B)  help identify the factors that play an important role in the behavior that is being investigated and rule out the factors that do not. 
C)  provide a detailed description of a single individual. 
D)  promote the acceptance of pseudosciences.

Question 13

How might the different goals of media and science clash?

Accepted Answer

A)  Media reporters are more likely to objectively report research findings than are the scientists who discovered them. 
B)  Scientists are more interested in taking personal credit for new discoveries, while media reporters are more interested in the discoveries themselves. 
C)  Media reporters are often more interested in attracting viewers or listeners than accurately portraying scientific findings. 
D)  Media reporters are likely to have different political goals than scientists. 
A)  Media reporters are more likely to objectively report research findings than are the scientists who discovered them. 
B)  Scientists are more interested in taking personal credit for new discoveries, while media reporters are more interested in the discoveries themselves. 
C)  Media reporters are often more interested in attracting viewers or listeners than accurately portraying scientific findings. 
D)  Media reporters are likely to have different political goals than scientists.

Question 14

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored a scientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

"My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences." Of the following individuals, who is most likely to have made such a statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  William James 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Carl Rogers 
A)  John B. Watson 
B)  William James 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Carl Rogers

Question 16

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were:

Accepted Answer

A)  not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise. 
B)  exposed to the dependent variable. 
C)  informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise. 
D)  led to believe that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems. 
A)  not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise. 
B)  exposed to the dependent variable. 
C)  informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise. 
D)  led to believe that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

Question 17

In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher can communicate the kind of response or behavior that is expected from the participant. Such signals are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effects. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  main effects. 
D)  treatment effects. 
A)  practice effects. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  main effects. 
D)  treatment effects.

Question 18

Psychologists can study a particular behavior, topic, or issue from different perspectives. Give an example of a psychological phenomenon and how it might be approached from three different perspectives in psychology.

Accepted Answer

One example of a psychological phenomeno

Question 19

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. In this chart, which specialty area is represented most often?

Accepted Answer

A)  industrial and organizational psychology 
B)  school psychology 
C)  clinical psychology 
D)  biological psychology 
A)  industrial and organizational psychology 
B)  school psychology 
C)  clinical psychology 
D)  biological psychology

Question 20

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
B)  female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
C)  male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services. 
D)  living near on-site dining facilities did not influence weight gain for male or female students. 
A)  male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
B)  female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
C)  male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services. 
D)  living near on-site dining facilities did not influence weight gain for male or female students.

In a scientifically conducted survey, describe how participants should be selected and explain the importance of the selection process.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship among various findings and observations.

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific:

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of choices and self-direction to his clients so that they can strive to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

Psychologists have concluded that it is impossible to apply the principle of natural selection to psychological processes.

What role did William James play in the founding of psychology in the United States?

In a study on the effects of caffeine on memory, participants drank a bottle of tasteless water containing 100, 50, or 0 milligrams of caffeine. The participants assigned to the group that drank bottled water with no caffeine represented the _____ in this study.

According to the Science Versus Pseudoscience feature in Chapter 1, which of the following items is NOT one of the strategies used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?

In case-based research, information from multiple case studies is systematically combined and analyzed.

It took more than ten years to write and was 1,400 pages long when it was published. Who wrote the landmark textbook Principles of Psychology?

Correlational research is useful because it can:

How might the different goals of media and science clash?

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored a scientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

"My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences." Of the following individuals, who is most likely to have made such a statement?

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were:

In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher can communicate the kind of response or behavior that is expected from the participant. Such signals are called:

Psychologists can study a particular behavior, topic, or issue from different perspectives. Give an example of a psychological phenomenon and how it might be approached from three different perspectives in psychology.

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. In this chart, which specialty area is represented most often?

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

In a scientifically conducted survey, describe how participants should be selected and explain the importance of the selection process.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship among various findings and observations.

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific:

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of choices and self-direction to his clients so that they can strive to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

Psychologists have concluded that it is impossible to apply the principle of natural selection to psychological processes.

What role did William James play in the founding of psychology in the United States?

In a study on the effects of caffeine on memory, participants drank a bottle of tasteless water containing 100, 50, or 0 milligrams of caffeine. The participants assigned to the group that drank bottled water with no caffeine represented the _____ in this study.

According to the Science Versus Pseudoscience feature in Chapter 1, which of the following items is NOT one of the strategies used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?

In case-based research, information from multiple case studies is systematically combined and analyzed.

It took more than ten years to write and was 1,400 pages long when it was published. Who wrote the landmark textbook Principles of Psychology?

Correlational research is useful because it can:

How might the different goals of media and science clash?

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored a scientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

"My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences." Of the following individuals, who is most likely to have made such a statement?

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were:

In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher can communicate the kind of response or behavior that is expected from the participant. Such signals are called:

Psychologists can study a particular behavior, topic, or issue from different perspectives. Give an example of a psychological phenomenon and how it might be approached from three different perspectives in psychology.

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. In this chart, which specialty area is represented most often?

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters