Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:

Who made this statement: "Now the immediate fact which psychology, the science of mind, has to study is also the most general fact. It is the fact that in each of us, when awake (and often when asleep), some kind of consciousness is always going on."

As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffee mug carefully and then report all your sensations and feelings about the coffee mug after viewing it. What psychological technique have you been told to use?

The four basic goals of psychology are to (1) describe, (2) explain, (3) predict, and (4) control or influence behavior.

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 1 include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Psychoanalysis emphasizes:

While conducting research on intelligence, a group of experimenters was very careful to control for unwanted variability in such factors as age, gender, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and so on. They took these precautions in order to avoid or minimize the influence of:

Under the American Psychological Association's ethical code for psychologists, psychological researchers:

The first major school of thought in psychology was called structuralism.

You are a subject in an experiment and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

When evaluating the evolutionary perspective, why is it important to keep the time frame of evolutionary changes in mind?

A critical thinker can assume other perspectives that are fundamentally different from his or her own.

Researchers at the Allied Mental Health Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly symptoms of depression are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the independent variable in this study?

Physiology is:

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Investigators can answer important questions, such as when certain behaviors take place, how often they occur, and whether they are related to other factors such as age, ethnic origins, or educational level, by using _____.

During the month-long hotel experiment conducted by Crum and Langer:

School psychologists provide a variety of psychological services to children, adolescents, and families in public and private schools.

In order to test the hypothesis that premarital education enhances marital quality, Dr. Stanley should first: