Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is:

Psychologists following the _____ perspective have investigated the diversity of human behavior in different countries and have discovered that some well-established psychological findings are not as universal as psychologists once thought.

A natural experiment is a study that:

Harvard University awarded Mary Whiton Calkins her Ph.D., but only after William James intervened on her behalf.

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the:

Williams James's book titled Principles of Psychology provided the basis for the development of a new school of psychology called behaviorism.

Biological psychologists study the relationship between psychological processes and the body's physical systems, including the brain and the rest of the nervous system, the endocrine system, the immune system, and genetics.

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researchers could use a(n) _____ scan to track the use of radioactively tagged glucose throughout the brain.

The founder of psychoanalysis was:

Dr. Rice studies the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of different types of behavioral and emotional disorders, such as anxiety, major depressive disorder, and eating disorders. She is most likely a clinical psychologist.

A positive correlation reflects a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, while a negative correlation indicates the absence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.

Because his ideas were so controversial in this country, Sigmund Freud was refused a visa to visit the United States.

A researcher sets out to test the following statement: "Adolescents are more likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smokes." This statement is an example of:

The basic goal of naturalistic observation is to do an in-depth study of a single individual's behavior.

When would a placebo control group be used in an experiment, and why?

Which of the following people played a key role in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline in the United States?

An operational definition is a precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured.

A pseudoscience is a:

Which of the following statements is TRUE?