Question 1

Which of the following statements about prescribing medications for psychological symptoms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the United States, only psychiatrists can prescribe medications for psychological symptoms. 
B)  Because there are so few psychiatrists in Alaska, it became the first state to allow clinical psychologists to prescribe a small number of medications for treating psychological disorders. 
C)  Psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana can qualify for prescription privileges if they complete additional coursework and a special training program supervised by a physician. 
D)  As a matter of federal law, psychologists are prohibited from prescribing any type of medication in the United States. 
A)  In the United States, only psychiatrists can prescribe medications for psychological symptoms. 
B)  Because there are so few psychiatrists in Alaska, it became the first state to allow clinical psychologists to prescribe a small number of medications for treating psychological disorders. 
C)  Psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana can qualify for prescription privileges if they complete additional coursework and a special training program supervised by a physician. 
D)  As a matter of federal law, psychologists are prohibited from prescribing any type of medication in the United States.

Question 2

Which of the following fields had the greatest impact on the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  mathematics 
C)  physics 
D)  physiology 
A)  history 
B)  mathematics 
C)  physics 
D)  physiology

Question 3

Professor Wallace studied over 3,000 elderly individuals for a decade and found a statistically significant relationship between survival rate and number of close friends. Specifically, he found that elderly individuals with few close friends had a much higher death rate. To say that the results of his study are "statistically significant" means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the finding has great practical value and significance. 
B)  there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables. 
C)  the finding does not have to be replicated to be accepted by the scientific community. 
D)  the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance. 
A)  the finding has great practical value and significance. 
B)  there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables. 
C)  the finding does not have to be replicated to be accepted by the scientific community. 
D)  the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Question 4

Both Mary Whiton Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn:

Accepted Answer

A)  studied psychology at Wellesley College and Harvard University. 
B)  were students of G. Stanley Hall. 
C)  were elected president of the American Psychological Association. 
D)  were students of Francis C. Sumner. 
A)  studied psychology at Wellesley College and Harvard University. 
B)  were students of G. Stanley Hall. 
C)  were elected president of the American Psychological Association. 
D)  were students of Francis C. Sumner.

Question 5

Cognitive psychologists did not agree with the behavioral perspective in psychology because cognitive psychologists thought that it was important to investigate how mental processes influence behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Sigmund Freud:

Accepted Answer

A)  refused to visit the United States but lectured extensively at universities throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. 
B)  trained Carl Rogers in the use of scientific methods to study the unconscious mind. 
C)  promoted the importance of the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism in understanding human behavior. 
D)  delivered a series of lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in Massachusetts in the early 1900s. 
A)  refused to visit the United States but lectured extensively at universities throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. 
B)  trained Carl Rogers in the use of scientific methods to study the unconscious mind. 
C)  promoted the importance of the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism in understanding human behavior. 
D)  delivered a series of lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in Massachusetts in the early 1900s.

Question 7

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the "informed" participants were given free memberships in the hotel's fitness club.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would most likely agree with which of the following statements about psychology's early history?

Accepted Answer

A)  From its inception, psychology has always focused on the study of people who exhibit unusual behaviors or suffer from psychological disorders. 
B)  Early psychologists disagreed about many issues including which methods psychologists should use and what kinds of behavior psychologists should study. 
C)  All the early schools of psychology shared the common view that psychology should be the study of immediate conscious experience. 
D)  The methods, definition, and scope of psychology have remained unchanged since psychology was founded in the nineteenth century. 
A)  From its inception, psychology has always focused on the study of people who exhibit unusual behaviors or suffer from psychological disorders. 
B)  Early psychologists disagreed about many issues including which methods psychologists should use and what kinds of behavior psychologists should study. 
C)  All the early schools of psychology shared the common view that psychology should be the study of immediate conscious experience. 
D)  The methods, definition, and scope of psychology have remained unchanged since psychology was founded in the nineteenth century.

Question 9

_____ wrote On the Origin of Species, which was published in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin; 1859 
B)  Margaret Floy Washburn; 1908 
C)  William James; 1890 
D)  Sigmund Freud; 1909 
A)  Charles Darwin; 1859 
B)  Margaret Floy Washburn; 1908 
C)  William James; 1890 
D)  Sigmund Freud; 1909

Question 10

A cognitive psychologist decides to study the effects of chess practice on math abilities in middle school students. All students are tested on a standard math test at the beginning of the study. Students are then randomly assigned to a chess group and a control group. Students in the chess group spend thirty minutes every school day learning chess strategy and playing chess. Students in the no-chess control group spend thirty minutes every school day watching educational television. At the end of three months, students take another standardized math test. The improvement or decline in their test score is computed and compared across the two groups. In this experiment, what is the DEPENDENT variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  the change in math test scores 
B)  playing chess or watching educational television 
C)  improvement in chess-playing ability 
D)  the number of chess matches won 
A)  the change in math test scores 
B)  playing chess or watching educational television 
C)  improvement in chess-playing ability 
D)  the number of chess matches won

Question 11

When comparing fMRIs to PET scans, you can see that:

Accepted Answer

A)  PET scans provide a much sharper picture than fMRIs. 
B)  PET scans use less radioactive glucose than fMRIs. 
C)  fMRIs provide a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes that PET scans require. 
D)  PET scans can be used to study the details of much smaller brain structures than fMRIs. 
A)  PET scans provide a much sharper picture than fMRIs. 
B)  PET scans use less radioactive glucose than fMRIs. 
C)  fMRIs provide a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes that PET scans require. 
D)  PET scans can be used to study the details of much smaller brain structures than fMRIs.

Question 12

Psychologists can use deception techniques as part of a study only when certain conditions have been met. Which of the statements below is one of these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies with nonhuman animals have demonstrated the importance of the research to humans. 
B)  It is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception. 
C)  The researchers have ensured the confidentiality of identifiable information about the participants. 
D)  There are significant factors that would influence the person's willingness to participate in the research. 
A)  Studies with nonhuman animals have demonstrated the importance of the research to humans. 
B)  It is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception. 
C)  The researchers have ensured the confidentiality of identifiable information about the participants. 
D)  There are significant factors that would influence the person's willingness to participate in the research.

Question 13

A hypothesis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a tentative statement that describes the relationship between two or more variables. 
B)  a geometric construct often used in statistical analyses. 
C)  a proven theory. 
D)  the operational definition assigned to the independent variable. 
A)  a tentative statement that describes the relationship between two or more variables. 
B)  a geometric construct often used in statistical analyses. 
C)  a proven theory. 
D)  the operational definition assigned to the independent variable.

Question 14

After a car crash, Tyler was left with a number of chronic and disabling health conditions and was having trouble adjusting to the situation. Tyler could benefit most from seeing a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  personality 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  rehabilitation 
A)  social 
B)  personality 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  rehabilitation

Question 15

When researchers create questions to investigate, generate evidence, and draw conclusions, they are guided by a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that is (are) called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific method. 
B)  guesses and hunches. 
C)  ethical guidelines. 
D)  pseudoscientific assumptions. 
A)  the scientific method. 
B)  guesses and hunches. 
C)  ethical guidelines. 
D)  pseudoscientific assumptions.

Question 16

Howard recognizes that there is always a subjective side to any science. Therefore, he believes that it is important to actively minimize preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence. Also, he always considers alternative explanations for research findings. Howard's attitude reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudoscientific thinking. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  collectivistic thinking. 
D)  critical thinking. 
A)  pseudoscientific thinking. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  collectivistic thinking. 
D)  critical thinking.

Question 17

Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species had a profound effect on William James and influenced his ideas about the importance of adaptation to environmental changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

William James's writings were the basis for a new school of psychology called functionalism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, all participants were debriefed and were told about the actual hypothesis, and the purpose of the experiment was explained to them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  behave in accordance with cultural norms. 
B)  stress the importance of cross-cultural psychology. 
C)  use one's own culture as the standard for judging other cultures. 
D)  deny one's own ethnic heritage. 
A)  behave in accordance with cultural norms. 
B)  stress the importance of cross-cultural psychology. 
C)  use one's own culture as the standard for judging other cultures. 
D)  deny one's own ethnic heritage.

Which of the following statements about prescribing medications for psychological symptoms is TRUE?

Which of the following fields had the greatest impact on the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline?

Both Mary Whiton Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn:

Cognitive psychologists did not agree with the behavioral perspective in psychology because cognitive psychologists thought that it was important to investigate how mental processes influence behavior.

Sigmund Freud:

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the "informed" participants were given free memberships in the hotel's fitness club.

Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would most likely agree with which of the following statements about psychology's early history?

_ wrote On the Origin of Species, which was published in _.

When comparing fMRIs to PET scans, you can see that:

Psychologists can use deception techniques as part of a study only when certain conditions have been met. Which of the statements below is one of these conditions?

A hypothesis is:

After a car crash, Tyler was left with a number of chronic and disabling health conditions and was having trouble adjusting to the situation. Tyler could benefit most from seeing a _____ psychologist.

When researchers create questions to investigate, generate evidence, and draw conclusions, they are guided by a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that is (are) called:

Howard recognizes that there is always a subjective side to any science. Therefore, he believes that it is important to actively minimize preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence. Also, he always considers alternative explanations for research findings. Howard's attitude reflects:

Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species had a profound effect on William James and influenced his ideas about the importance of adaptation to environmental changes.

William James's writings were the basis for a new school of psychology called functionalism.

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, all participants were debriefed and were told about the actual hypothesis, and the purpose of the experiment was explained to them.

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Which of the following statements about prescribing medications for psychological symptoms is TRUE?

Which of the following fields had the greatest impact on the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline?

Both Mary Whiton Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn:

Cognitive psychologists did not agree with the behavioral perspective in psychology because cognitive psychologists thought that it was important to investigate how mental processes influence behavior.

Sigmund Freud:

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the "informed" participants were given free memberships in the hotel's fitness club.

Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would most likely agree with which of the following statements about psychology's early history?

_____ wrote On the Origin of Species, which was published in _____.

When comparing fMRIs to PET scans, you can see that:

Psychologists can use deception techniques as part of a study only when certain conditions have been met. Which of the statements below is one of these conditions?

A hypothesis is:

After a car crash, Tyler was left with a number of chronic and disabling health conditions and was having trouble adjusting to the situation. Tyler could benefit most from seeing a _____ psychologist.

When researchers create questions to investigate, generate evidence, and draw conclusions, they are guided by a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that is (are) called:

Howard recognizes that there is always a subjective side to any science. Therefore, he believes that it is important to actively minimize preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence. Also, he always considers alternative explanations for research findings. Howard's attitude reflects:

Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species had a profound effect on William James and influenced his ideas about the importance of adaptation to environmental changes.

William James's writings were the basis for a new school of psychology called functionalism.

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, all participants were debriefed and were told about the actual hypothesis, and the purpose of the experiment was explained to them.

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

_ wrote On the Origin of Species, which was published in _.