Question 1

William James developed the technique called introspection as a way for people to tap into their unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Dr. O'Connor was interested in whether men and women differ in sexual attitudes. She found that more than 170 studies had already been published on this issue. Using _____, she combined the results of these studies and analyzed the data for overall trends.

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analysis 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  pseudoscientific analysis 
D)  a natural experiment 
A)  meta-analysis 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  pseudoscientific analysis 
D)  a natural experiment

Question 3

How did Crum and Langer formally report the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  They appeared on the television news program 60 Minutes. 
B)  They held a news conference at the Housekeeping Association of America's annual convention. 
C)  They were interviewed, and their study was described in the "Science" section of The New York Times. 
D)  They wrote up the study, and it was published in Psychological Science. 
A)  They appeared on the television news program 60 Minutes. 
B)  They held a news conference at the Housekeeping Association of America's annual convention. 
C)  They were interviewed, and their study was described in the "Science" section of The New York Times. 
D)  They wrote up the study, and it was published in Psychological Science.

Question 4

A clinical psychologist holds a doctorate in psychology whereas a psychiatrist holds a medical degree.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Dr. Jakel is a psychologist who studies basic topics in psychology, such as learning, memory, sensation, and perception. Dr. Jakel's area of specialization is _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  experimental 
C)  personality 
D)  clinical 
A)  biological 
B)  experimental 
C)  personality 
D)  clinical

Question 6

The use of dogs and cats in psychological research:

Accepted Answer

A)  is very common, especially in research investigating drug effects on sleep. 
B)  is prohibited by the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science. 
C)  is very common; approximately 90 percent of animals used in research are cats and dogs. 
D)  is rare. 
A)  is very common, especially in research investigating drug effects on sleep. 
B)  is prohibited by the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science. 
C)  is very common; approximately 90 percent of animals used in research are cats and dogs. 
D)  is rare.

Question 7

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected:

Accepted Answer

A)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "poor." 
B)  from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels. 
C)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "excellent." 
D)  from undergraduate students in courses at Harvard University where they could earn extra credit for participating in research. 
A)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "poor." 
B)  from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels. 
C)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "excellent." 
D)  from undergraduate students in courses at Harvard University where they could earn extra credit for participating in research.

Question 8

Cognitive psychologists primarily investigate the social, psychological, and physical changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

Accepted Answer

A)  combines the ability to produce a detailed image of the brain's structures with the capacity to track the brain's activity and functioning. 
B)  involves injecting the participant with a radioactively tagged compound, such as glucose, that is tracked as it is used in different brain regions. 
C)  is limited because the participant cannot be repeatedly scanned. 
D)  produces brain images that are not as sharp as and are much less detailed than those produced by PET scans. 
A)  combines the ability to produce a detailed image of the brain's structures with the capacity to track the brain's activity and functioning. 
B)  involves injecting the participant with a radioactively tagged compound, such as glucose, that is tracked as it is used in different brain regions. 
C)  is limited because the participant cannot be repeatedly scanned. 
D)  produces brain images that are not as sharp as and are much less detailed than those produced by PET scans.

Question 11

The purpose of the double-blind technique is to guard against the possibility that the researcher will inadvertently display expectancy effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The dependent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was the degree of improvement in memory and concentration after taking either ginkgo biloba or a placebo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Psychologists are guided by the basic scientific assumption that events are lawful. What does this mean to psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists are required to obey the law in all their professional activities. 
B)  Psychologists assume that behavior and mental processes follow consistent patterns. 
C)  Psychologists recognize that behavior typically follows the laws created by society. 
D)  Psychologists assume that abnormal behavior is unlawful whereas normal behavior is lawful. 
A)  Psychologists are required to obey the law in all their professional activities. 
B)  Psychologists assume that behavior and mental processes follow consistent patterns. 
C)  Psychologists recognize that behavior typically follows the laws created by society. 
D)  Psychologists assume that abnormal behavior is unlawful whereas normal behavior is lawful.

Question 14

Developmental psychology is a specialty area that focuses on the study of the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to old age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that species had not been created once and for all but had changed over time were called:

Accepted Answer

A)  introspectionists. 
B)  structuralists. 
C)  evolutionists. 
D)  behaviorists. 
A)  introspectionists. 
B)  structuralists. 
C)  evolutionists. 
D)  behaviorists.

Question 16

Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle's landmark essay in 335 B.C., entitled "De Anima" 
B)  the 1924 publication of John Watson's book, entitled Behaviorism 
C)  the establishment of the first psychology research laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 
D)  Sigmund Freud's discovery of the unconscious mind in the early twentieth century 
A)  Aristotle's landmark essay in 335 B.C., entitled "De Anima" 
B)  the 1924 publication of John Watson's book, entitled Behaviorism 
C)  the establishment of the first psychology research laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 
D)  Sigmund Freud's discovery of the unconscious mind in the early twentieth century

Question 17

Dr. Gomez wanted to investigate the effects of nicotine on the activity of the brain. Because she did not want to expose people to radioactivity or use any invasive procedures to measure brain activity, Dr. Gomez chose to use _____ for her measures of brain activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  the double-blind technique (DBT) 
B)  PET scans 
C)  transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D)  functional MRI (fMRI) scans 
A)  the double-blind technique (DBT) 
B)  PET scans 
C)  transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D)  functional MRI (fMRI) scans

Question 18

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental causes.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  humanistic 
C)  behavioral 
D)  biological 
A)  psychodynamic 
B)  humanistic 
C)  behavioral 
D)  biological

Question 19

The experimental group (or experimental condition) is the group of participants that is exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable or treatment variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In an online survey, people were asked if they would cheat on their partner if there was no chance of getting caught. Approximately 23,000 internet users responded to the survey. Almost half of those responding said they would not, while the other half said they probably would. What is a significant limitation with surveys like this one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not enough people responded to the survey, which means the results are not valid. 
B)  The survey involved respondents who volunteered to participate, so the sample was not representative of the overall population. 
C)  Participants tend to be less comfortable reporting sexual behaviors over the internet than discussing them in person or on the phone. 
D)  The survey did not follow a double-blind procedure, which means that expectancy effects probably slanted the results. 
A)  Not enough people responded to the survey, which means the results are not valid. 
B)  The survey involved respondents who volunteered to participate, so the sample was not representative of the overall population. 
C)  Participants tend to be less comfortable reporting sexual behaviors over the internet than discussing them in person or on the phone. 
D)  The survey did not follow a double-blind procedure, which means that expectancy effects probably slanted the results.

William James developed the technique called introspection as a way for people to tap into their unconscious.

Dr. O'Connor was interested in whether men and women differ in sexual attitudes. She found that more than 170 studies had already been published on this issue. Using _____, she combined the results of these studies and analyzed the data for overall trends.

How did Crum and Langer formally report the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise?

A clinical psychologist holds a doctorate in psychology whereas a psychiatrist holds a medical degree.

Dr. Jakel is a psychologist who studies basic topics in psychology, such as learning, memory, sensation, and perception. Dr. Jakel's area of specialization is _____ psychology.

The use of dogs and cats in psychological research:

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected:

Cognitive psychologists primarily investigate the social, psychological, and physical changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to death.

Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

The purpose of the double-blind technique is to guard against the possibility that the researcher will inadvertently display expectancy effects.

The dependent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was the degree of improvement in memory and concentration after taking either ginkgo biloba or a placebo.

Psychologists are guided by the basic scientific assumption that events are lawful. What does this mean to psychologists?

Developmental psychology is a specialty area that focuses on the study of the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to old age.

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that species had not been created once and for all but had changed over time were called:

Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Dr. Gomez wanted to investigate the effects of nicotine on the activity of the brain. Because she did not want to expose people to radioactivity or use any invasive procedures to measure brain activity, Dr. Gomez chose to use _____ for her measures of brain activity.

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental causes.

The experimental group (or experimental condition) is the group of participants that is exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable or treatment variable.

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

William James developed the technique called introspection as a way for people to tap into their unconscious.

Dr. O'Connor was interested in whether men and women differ in sexual attitudes. She found that more than 170 studies had already been published on this issue. Using _____, she combined the results of these studies and analyzed the data for overall trends.

How did Crum and Langer formally report the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise?

A clinical psychologist holds a doctorate in psychology whereas a psychiatrist holds a medical degree.

Dr. Jakel is a psychologist who studies basic topics in psychology, such as learning, memory, sensation, and perception. Dr. Jakel's area of specialization is _____ psychology.

The use of dogs and cats in psychological research:

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected:

Cognitive psychologists primarily investigate the social, psychological, and physical changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to death.

Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):

The purpose of the double-blind technique is to guard against the possibility that the researcher will inadvertently display expectancy effects.

The dependent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was the degree of improvement in memory and concentration after taking either ginkgo biloba or a placebo.

Psychologists are guided by the basic scientific assumption that events are lawful. What does this mean to psychologists?

Developmental psychology is a specialty area that focuses on the study of the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan, from conception to old age.

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that species had not been created once and for all but had changed over time were called:

Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Dr. Gomez wanted to investigate the effects of nicotine on the activity of the brain. Because she did not want to expose people to radioactivity or use any invasive procedures to measure brain activity, Dr. Gomez chose to use _____ for her measures of brain activity.

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental causes.

The experimental group (or experimental condition) is the group of participants that is exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable or treatment variable.

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters