Question 1

Evolutionary psychology:

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizes the sweeping changes in human behavior and psychological processes that have occurred in the last 100 years. 
B)  primarily concentrates on describing the cultural differences among racial and ethnic groups. 
C)  applies Darwin's theory about the role of natural selection to human psychological processes. 
D)  emphasizes that human behavior is best understood in terms of the individual capacity for growth, free will, and self-direction. 
A)  emphasizes the sweeping changes in human behavior and psychological processes that have occurred in the last 100 years. 
B)  primarily concentrates on describing the cultural differences among racial and ethnic groups. 
C)  applies Darwin's theory about the role of natural selection to human psychological processes. 
D)  emphasizes that human behavior is best understood in terms of the individual capacity for growth, free will, and self-direction.

Question 2

You and your co-researchers want to compare the brain structures of musically gifted young adolescents with those of a closely matched control group of normal, nonmusical adolescents using a noninvasive technique. You and your colleagues are conducting a(n) _____ brain imaging study, and will use _____ to study the details of the brain structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental; PET scanning 
B)  descriptive; electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
C)  experimental; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D)  descriptive; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
A)  experimental; PET scanning 
B)  descriptive; electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
C)  experimental; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
D)  descriptive; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 3

Give an example of two factors that are positively correlated, and explain what that means.

Accepted Answer

Two factors that are positively correlat

Question 4

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary psychology. 
B)  comparative psychology. 
C)  experimental psychology. 
D)  biological psychology. 
A)  evolutionary psychology. 
B)  comparative psychology. 
C)  experimental psychology. 
D)  biological psychology.

Question 5

A correlation coefficient always falls in the range from -1.00 to +1.00.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Compare and contrast psychoanalysis and behaviorism as two of the early schools of psychology.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis and behaviorism are two e

Question 7

French philosopher René Descartes:

Accepted Answer

A)  strongly opposed the idea of establishing psychology as a separate science. 
B)  promoted a doctrine called interactive dualism. 
C)  was the first of Wundt's students to receive a doctorate in psychology. 
D)  was a philosopher who wrote extensively about topics such as sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory more than 2,000 years ago. 
A)  strongly opposed the idea of establishing psychology as a separate science. 
B)  promoted a doctrine called interactive dualism. 
C)  was the first of Wundt's students to receive a doctorate in psychology. 
D)  was a philosopher who wrote extensively about topics such as sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory more than 2,000 years ago.

Question 8

_____ is to structuralism as _____ is to functionalism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilhelm Wundt; Edward Titchener 
B)  William James; Mary Whiton Calkins 
C)  Edward Titchener; William James 
D)  Mary Whiton Calkins; Wilhelm Wundt 
A)  Wilhelm Wundt; Edward Titchener 
B)  William James; Mary Whiton Calkins 
C)  Edward Titchener; William James 
D)  Mary Whiton Calkins; Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

In recent decades, increased interest in the _____ perspective has occurred due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders and the development of new techniques to study the human brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  biological 
A)  psychodynamic 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  biological

Question 10

To bolster the credibility of their claims, pseudoscientists:

Accepted Answer

A)  typically use lots of scientific jargon without scientific substance. 
B)  use the double-blind technique. 
C)  rely on empirical evidence. 
D)  apply experimental methods. 
A)  typically use lots of scientific jargon without scientific substance. 
B)  use the double-blind technique. 
C)  rely on empirical evidence. 
D)  apply experimental methods.

Question 11

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
B)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
C)  magnet therapy. 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET). 
A)  transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
B)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
C)  magnet therapy. 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 12

Cultural norms are unwritten rules of behavior that are acted on with little thought once they have been learned and internalized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Researchers who tested whether ginkgo biloba improves memory and concentration were careful to control changes caused by other influences so they could be confident that the _____ could be attributed to the treatment variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effect 
B)  main effect 
C)  expectancy effect 
D)  placebo effect 
A)  practice effect 
B)  main effect 
C)  expectancy effect 
D)  placebo effect

Question 14

Which of the following best represents psychology's basic goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  investigate and treat mental illness 
B)  describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior 
C)  listen to, counsel, and console people with problems 
D)  apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior 
A)  investigate and treat mental illness 
B)  describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior 
C)  listen to, counsel, and console people with problems 
D)  apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior

Question 15

Critical thinkers engage in reflective thinking. This means that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  assume other perspectives. 
B)  use their intuition to solve problems. 
C)  maintain an attitude of healthy skepticism. 
D)  expect and accept complexity. 
A)  assume other perspectives. 
B)  use their intuition to solve problems. 
C)  maintain an attitude of healthy skepticism. 
D)  expect and accept complexity.

Question 16

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. According to the chart, which specialty area is the most popular choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  counseling psychology 
B)  educational psychology 
C)  forensic psychology 
D)  clinical psychology 
A)  counseling psychology 
B)  educational psychology 
C)  forensic psychology 
D)  clinical psychology

Question 17

In an experiment, the control group is the group of:

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists who determine the value to be assigned to the independent variable. 
B)  administrators who determine whether a given procedure is ethical. 
C)  participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent or treatment variable. 
D)  participants who are exposed only to the dependent variable. 
A)  scientists who determine the value to be assigned to the independent variable. 
B)  administrators who determine whether a given procedure is ethical. 
C)  participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent or treatment variable. 
D)  participants who are exposed only to the dependent variable.

Question 18

Dr. Professor, who follows the _____ perspective, conceptualizes human thinking, memory, and perception in terms of an information-processing model.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive psychology 
B)  behavioral 
C)  biological 
D)  cognitive 
A)  positive psychology 
B)  behavioral 
C)  biological 
D)  cognitive

Question 19

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning form the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  biological 
C)  humanistic 
D)  behavioral 
A)  cognitive 
B)  biological 
C)  humanistic 
D)  behavioral

Question 20

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

Accepted Answer

A)  are often emphasized among psychologists working in the mental health field. 
B)  are considered pseudosciences. 
C)  have been combined to form a new major perspective in modern psychology called comparative psychology. 
D)  focus on how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think. 
A)  are often emphasized among psychologists working in the mental health field. 
B)  are considered pseudosciences. 
C)  have been combined to form a new major perspective in modern psychology called comparative psychology. 
D)  focus on how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think.

Evolutionary psychology:

Give an example of two factors that are positively correlated, and explain what that means.

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called:

A correlation coefficient always falls in the range from -1.00 to +1.00.

Compare and contrast psychoanalysis and behaviorism as two of the early schools of psychology.

French philosopher René Descartes:

_ is to structuralism as _ is to functionalism.

In recent decades, increased interest in the _____ perspective has occurred due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders and the development of new techniques to study the human brain.

To bolster the credibility of their claims, pseudoscientists:

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments is called:

Cultural norms are unwritten rules of behavior that are acted on with little thought once they have been learned and internalized.

Researchers who tested whether ginkgo biloba improves memory and concentration were careful to control changes caused by other influences so they could be confident that the _____ could be attributed to the treatment variable.

Which of the following best represents psychology's basic goals?

Critical thinkers engage in reflective thinking. This means that they:

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. According to the chart, which specialty area is the most popular choice?

In an experiment, the control group is the group of:

Dr. Professor, who follows the _____ perspective, conceptualizes human thinking, memory, and perception in terms of an information-processing model.

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning form the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology?

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Evolutionary psychology:

Give an example of two factors that are positively correlated, and explain what that means.

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called:

A correlation coefficient always falls in the range from -1.00 to +1.00.

Compare and contrast psychoanalysis and behaviorism as two of the early schools of psychology.

French philosopher René Descartes:

_____ is to structuralism as _____ is to functionalism.

In recent decades, increased interest in the _____ perspective has occurred due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders and the development of new techniques to study the human brain.

To bolster the credibility of their claims, pseudoscientists:

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments is called:

Cultural norms are unwritten rules of behavior that are acted on with little thought once they have been learned and internalized.

Researchers who tested whether ginkgo biloba improves memory and concentration were careful to control changes caused by other influences so they could be confident that the _____ could be attributed to the treatment variable.

Which of the following best represents psychology's basic goals?

Critical thinkers engage in reflective thinking. This means that they:

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the specialty areas of psychologists who recently received their doctorate degrees. According to the chart, which specialty area is the most popular choice?

In an experiment, the control group is the group of:

Dr. Professor, who follows the _____ perspective, conceptualizes human thinking, memory, and perception in terms of an information-processing model.

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning form the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology?

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

_ is to structuralism as _ is to functionalism.