Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The first American woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology and the second woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association was Margaret Floy Washburn.

Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could learn to associate a neutral stimulus, such as the sound of a bell, with an automatic response, such as reflexively salivating to food.

Who wrote On the Origin of Species?

Professor Lyon decided to study food preferences of U.S. college students, so he asked his students to volunteer to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Lyon's survey results are probably invalid because he did not use:

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 lists the primary employment settings for psychologists. According to the chart, what is the most common employment setting for psychologists?

Magnet therapy is the practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments.

A collectivistic culture is one in which:

In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view is most like the view of:

Expectancy effects are the same things as demand characteristics.

A young, dynamic psychologist named John B. Watson said, "Behaviorism, on the contrary, holds that the subject matter of human psychology is the behavior of the human being. Behaviorism claims that consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the existence of consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and magic."

Which of the following was the first "school" of thought or approach in psychology?

Positive correlation is to negative correlation as _____ is to _____.

A psychologist who studies worker productivity, job satisfaction, or the interaction between people and equipment is most likely an industrial/organizational psychologist.

Once a theory is proven through statistics, it becomes a widely accepted, unchanging psychological "law."

The founder of behaviorism was:

The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:

Why are correlational studies useful?

After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parents and other adult spectators in the stands at Canadian youth hockey games, psychologists used a method called naturalistic observation to study spectator behavior. Using the naturalistic observation method means that:

Both structuralists and functionalists agreed that:

Comparative psychology studies the behavior of children and adults and compares their differences over the lifespan.