Question 1

What process do researchers use to make sure that survey participants are a representative sample of the population that is being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind selection 
B)  single-blind selection 
C)  random selection 
D)  using only those participants who volunteer to be part of the study 
A)  double-blind selection 
B)  single-blind selection 
C)  random selection 
D)  using only those participants who volunteer to be part of the study

Question 2

Psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill violated basic research ethics by exposing students to the harmful effects of video games.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is a definition of the experimental method?

Accepted Answer

A)  research strategy that allows the precise conclusion of how strongly two factors are related to each other 
B)  method of study that involves an intensive, in-depth investigation of a single individual or small group of individuals 
C)  systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting 
D)  research method used to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effect that is produced on another variable 
A)  research strategy that allows the precise conclusion of how strongly two factors are related to each other 
B)  method of study that involves an intensive, in-depth investigation of a single individual or small group of individuals 
C)  systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting 
D)  research method used to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effect that is produced on another variable

Question 4

Critical thinkers are aware of their own biases and assumptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which early approach or "school" of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's student Edward Titchener?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  humanistic psychology 
C)  functionalism 
D)  structuralism 
A)  behaviorism 
B)  humanistic psychology 
C)  functionalism 
D)  structuralism

Question 6

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Dr. Lavalle, one of the many professionals helping the Olympic team prepare for the games, uses psychological theory and knowledge to enhance athletic motivation, performance, and consistency. Dr. Lavalle is a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  sports 
B)  rehabilitation 
C)  personality 
D)  health 
A)  sports 
B)  rehabilitation 
C)  personality 
D)  health

Question 8

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

Accepted Answer

A)  remember that the terms correlation and causality mean the same thing. 
B)  look for the elements of good research design, including operational definitions of the variables and the use of control groups. 
C)  remember that some of the most compelling scientific evidence is anecdotal evidence. 
D)  assume that the reporter understands all the details of the study. 
A)  remember that the terms correlation and causality mean the same thing. 
B)  look for the elements of good research design, including operational definitions of the variables and the use of control groups. 
C)  remember that some of the most compelling scientific evidence is anecdotal evidence. 
D)  assume that the reporter understands all the details of the study.

Question 9

"Informed consent" in a psychology experiment means that the research participants understand the nature of the study and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was an unreliable method since different participants often provided different reports about the same stimulus. 
B)  Introspection revealed unconscious conflicts rather than conscious experiences. 
C)  Introspection could not be used to study children or animals. 
D)  A number of topics, including learning, development, and mental disorders, could not be studied using this technique. 
A)  It was an unreliable method since different participants often provided different reports about the same stimulus. 
B)  Introspection revealed unconscious conflicts rather than conscious experiences. 
C)  Introspection could not be used to study children or animals. 
D)  A number of topics, including learning, development, and mental disorders, could not be studied using this technique.

Question 11

A perfect positive correlation:

Accepted Answer

A)  is statistically impossible. 
B)  would mean that every time Factor A occurred, Factor B also occurred. 
C)  would mean that Factor A caused Factor B to occur. 
D)  would mean that every time Factor A occurred, Factor B did not occur. 
A)  is statistically impossible. 
B)  would mean that every time Factor A occurred, Factor B also occurred. 
C)  would mean that Factor A caused Factor B to occur. 
D)  would mean that every time Factor A occurred, Factor B did not occur.

Question 12

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment demonstrate that people's beliefs and expectations can have a significant influence on behavior and well-being.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Studying the differences among various cultures that exist in the world today and examining their influence on behavior are fundamental goals of cross-cultural psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements about behaviorism is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner borrowed the introspection technique from structuralism for use in his research on learning. 
B)  Behaviorism was based on Margaret Washburn's animal research showing the importance of animal consciousness. 
C)  Behaviorism emphasized the importance of unconscious influences on human behavior. 
D)  John B. Watson argued that consciousness was not a usable concept and considered consciousness to be a concept related to superstition and magic. 
A)  B. F. Skinner borrowed the introspection technique from structuralism for use in his research on learning. 
B)  Behaviorism was based on Margaret Washburn's animal research showing the importance of animal consciousness. 
C)  Behaviorism emphasized the importance of unconscious influences on human behavior. 
D)  John B. Watson argued that consciousness was not a usable concept and considered consciousness to be a concept related to superstition and magic.

Question 15

Anecdotal evidence:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more reliable than data generated by artificial laboratory experiments. 
B)  consists of telling personal stories to support a particular claim. 
C)  is essentially the same as conducting a survey. 
D)  typically involves large groups of randomly selected research participants. 
A)  is more reliable than data generated by artificial laboratory experiments. 
B)  consists of telling personal stories to support a particular claim. 
C)  is essentially the same as conducting a survey. 
D)  typically involves large groups of randomly selected research participants.

Question 16

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational research. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  case-based research. 
D)  a natural experiment. 
A)  correlational research. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  case-based research. 
D)  a natural experiment.

Question 18

In cross-cultural psychology, the term culture refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  American music and art. 
B)  the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another. 
C)  the universal human motives and beliefs that are shared by all people. 
D)  a colony of bacteria grown in the laboratory, typically in a small glass dish. 
A)  American music and art. 
B)  the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another. 
C)  the universal human motives and beliefs that are shared by all people. 
D)  a colony of bacteria grown in the laboratory, typically in a small glass dish.

Question 19

Name four of William James's students and discuss how they influenced the development of psychology in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Four of William James's students who sig

Question 20

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to seek out evidence that confirms a claim or belief, while ignoring evidence that contradicts or undermines the claim or belief 
B)  the belief that irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims can be used to confirm the existence of pseudoscientific methods and practices 
C)  the tendency for subtle cues or signals, expressed by the researcher, to bias participants so that they attempt to confirm the hypothesis being tested 
D)  the belief that testimonials are the best type of empirical evidence to confirm pseudoscientific claims 
A)  the tendency to seek out evidence that confirms a claim or belief, while ignoring evidence that contradicts or undermines the claim or belief 
B)  the belief that irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims can be used to confirm the existence of pseudoscientific methods and practices 
C)  the tendency for subtle cues or signals, expressed by the researcher, to bias participants so that they attempt to confirm the hypothesis being tested 
D)  the belief that testimonials are the best type of empirical evidence to confirm pseudoscientific claims

What process do researchers use to make sure that survey participants are a representative sample of the population that is being studied?

Psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill violated basic research ethics by exposing students to the harmful effects of video games.

Which of the following is a definition of the experimental method?

Critical thinkers are aware of their own biases and assumptions.

Which early approach or "school" of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's student Edward Titchener?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Dr. Lavalle, one of the many professionals helping the Olympic team prepare for the games, uses psychological theory and knowledge to enhance athletic motivation, performance, and consistency. Dr. Lavalle is a _____ psychologist.

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

"Informed consent" in a psychology experiment means that the research participants understand the nature of the study and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any time.

What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?

A perfect positive correlation:

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment demonstrate that people's beliefs and expectations can have a significant influence on behavior and well-being.

Studying the differences among various cultures that exist in the world today and examining their influence on behavior are fundamental goals of cross-cultural psychology.

Which of the following statements about behaviorism is TRUE?

Anecdotal evidence:

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species.

A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants is known as:

In cross-cultural psychology, the term culture refers to:

Name four of William James's students and discuss how they influenced the development of psychology in the United States.

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

What process do researchers use to make sure that survey participants are a representative sample of the population that is being studied?

Psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill violated basic research ethics by exposing students to the harmful effects of video games.

Which of the following is a definition of the experimental method?

Critical thinkers are aware of their own biases and assumptions.

Which early approach or "school" of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's student Edward Titchener?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized how unconscious processes could be the cause of serious psychological problems.

Dr. Lavalle, one of the many professionals helping the Olympic team prepare for the games, uses psychological theory and knowledge to enhance athletic motivation, performance, and consistency. Dr. Lavalle is a _____ psychologist.

In critically evaluating a media report about a psychological finding or study, you should:

"Informed consent" in a psychology experiment means that the research participants understand the nature of the study and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any time.

What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?

A perfect positive correlation:

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment demonstrate that people's beliefs and expectations can have a significant influence on behavior and well-being.

Studying the differences among various cultures that exist in the world today and examining their influence on behavior are fundamental goals of cross-cultural psychology.

Which of the following statements about behaviorism is TRUE?

Anecdotal evidence:

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species.

A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants is known as:

In cross-cultural psychology, the term culture refers to:

Name four of William James's students and discuss how they influenced the development of psychology in the United States.

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters