Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

One natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college found that male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

More than 2,000 years ago, the Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory.

What early school of psychology did Titchener found, and what did that school advocate?

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the group of participants who were informed that housekeeping work was good exercise was the:

Like behaviorists, functionalists were opposed to having psychology study consciousness or conscious experience.

Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the following phenomena?

According to the _____ perspective, psychologists should investigate only overt, observable behavior and should not concern themselves with internal mental processes that cannot be precisely observed and measured.

The placebo effect is also called the expectancy effect.

Neuroscience refers to:

The dependent variable is the factor that is observed and measured for change in an experiment and is thought to be influenced by the independent variable.

Professor Hebb is studying whether learning is affected by different environments. He raises some rats in cages with many interesting objects to play on and explore, and other rats in isolated, barren cages with none of the interesting objects. Later, Hebb carefully records how many attempts it takes each rat to learn to run a maze with no mistakes. What is the independent variable in this study?

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

The idea that brain-imaging studies may add little to explanations of psychological processes and are not necessarily more "scientific" than other approaches psychologists take are two of the limitations listed in Focus on Neuroscience.

Psychologist Harry Triandis said, "All cultures are simultaneously very similar and very different." What does Triandis mean by this statement?

The purpose of the control group in an experiment is to:

A statistical technique called meta-analysis is used to analyze the results of many studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends.

Rejecting the study of conscious experience, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were behaviorists who emphasized the importance of observable behaviors.

Dr. Thang has been trained in counseling psychology and works in a community clinic as well as in private practice. She is most likely to:

Which of the following perspectives in psychology seeks to counterbalance psychology's traditional emphasis on psychological problems and disorders?

Describe three qualities that characterize critical thinking.