Question 1

Some insulators have both insulator and barrier activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following effects is possible if LEF1 were omitted from an in vitro transcription assay that you were conducting to look at the expression of the TCR$\alpha$gene?

Accepted Answer

A) no transcription 
B) low levels of transcription 
C) lack of bending in the promoter DNA 
D) rapid initiation of transcription 
E) no transcription,low levels of transcription,and lack of bending in the promoter DNA are all possible outcomes. 
A) no transcription 
B) low levels of transcription 
C) lack of bending in the promoter DNA 
D) rapid initiation of transcription 
E) no transcription,low levels of transcription,and lack of bending in the promoter DNA are all possible outcomes. E

Question 3

Select the feature that is not true of the GAL4 protein.

Accepted Answer

A) contains six cysteines 
B) contains zinc fingers 
C) contains zinc ions in the DNA binding motif 
D) contains a-helix 
E) is a member of zinc-containing family 
A) contains six cysteines 
B) contains zinc fingers 
C) contains zinc ions in the DNA binding motif 
D) contains a-helix 
E) is a member of zinc-containing family B

Question 4

Which of the following can be found in DNA-binding domains?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc fingers 
B) glutamine-rich regions 
C) bZIP motifs 
D) bHLH motif 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) zinc fingers 
B) glutamine-rich regions 
C) bZIP motifs 
D) bHLH motif 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Predict the effect of blocking GTPase activity by a mutant lacking the GAP gene.Which of the following would be a possible outcome if cells in this mutant are treated with a growth factor?

Accepted Answer

A) a sustained level of transduction 
B) dramatically reduced interaction of the growth factor with the receptor 
C) inactivation of MEK 
D) dephosphorylation of the growth factor receptor 
E) inactivation of Elk 
A) a sustained level of transduction 
B) dramatically reduced interaction of the growth factor with the receptor 
C) inactivation of MEK 
D) dephosphorylation of the growth factor receptor 
E) inactivation of Elk

Question 6

Which of the following is a reasonable way to explain the ability of enhancers to act at a distance?

Accepted Answer

A) The activator binds to an enhancer,changing the supercoiling state of the DNA and opening up the promoter to general transcription factors. 
B) The activator binds to an enhancer,slides along the DNA until it encounters the promoter,and activates transcription. 
C) An activator binds to an enhancer,creating loops in the DNA,which leads to the interaction of proteins at the promoter and activation of transcription. 
D) An activator binds to an enhancer and a downstream segment to form a loop,which causes the protein to track toward the promoter and activate transcription. 
E) All of the choices explanations are possible. 
A) The activator binds to an enhancer,changing the supercoiling state of the DNA and opening up the promoter to general transcription factors. 
B) The activator binds to an enhancer,slides along the DNA until it encounters the promoter,and activates transcription. 
C) An activator binds to an enhancer,creating loops in the DNA,which leads to the interaction of proteins at the promoter and activation of transcription. 
D) An activator binds to an enhancer and a downstream segment to form a loop,which causes the protein to track toward the promoter and activate transcription. 
E) All of the choices explanations are possible.

Question 7

Glucocorticoid response elements are enhancers that bind to a receptor-glucocorticod complex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the most likely outcome of ubiquitination of a transcription activator such as CREB?

Accepted Answer

A) It will be stimulated to bind to corepressors. 
B) It will become a target for proteasomes. 
C) It will be a target for chaperones. 
D) It will have no effect on the activity of this protein. 
E) None of the correct are correct. 
A) It will be stimulated to bind to corepressors. 
B) It will become a target for proteasomes. 
C) It will be a target for chaperones. 
D) It will have no effect on the activity of this protein. 
E) None of the correct are correct.

Question 9

DNA is complexed with protein in a structure called ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA is complexed with protein in a...

Question 10

Nuclear receptors interact with endocrine-signaling molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Insulators are DNA elements that

Accepted Answer

A) shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity. 
B) block gene activity by binding the operator regions. 
C) block the coding region of genes,preventing transcription. 
D) shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity and block gene activity by binding the operator regions. 
E) block gene activity by binding the operator regions and block the coding region of genes,preventing transcription. 
A) shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity. 
B) block gene activity by binding the operator regions. 
C) block the coding region of genes,preventing transcription. 
D) shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity and block gene activity by binding the operator regions. 
E) block gene activity by binding the operator regions and block the coding region of genes,preventing transcription.

Question 12

Predict the effect of the addition of excess acetyltansferase to in vitro transcription assay.

Accepted Answer

A) It will likely loosen the interaction of histone with DNA. 
B) It will lead to a tighter association of histone with DNA,resulting in reduced transcription. 
C) It will have no effect on the interaction of DNA with histones. 
D) There will be a complete repression of transcription. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) It will likely loosen the interaction of histone with DNA. 
B) It will lead to a tighter association of histone with DNA,resulting in reduced transcription. 
C) It will have no effect on the interaction of DNA with histones. 
D) There will be a complete repression of transcription. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Experimental evidence has shown that it is necessary for the promoter and the enhancer to be on the same chromosome in order to function together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Nuclear receptors interact with steroids and other hormones form complexes that bind to hormone response elements in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

One effect of mutation or deleting the activation domain of a transcriptional activator would be

Accepted Answer

A) reduction in the binding of TFIIA. 
B) reduction in the binding TFIID. 
C) binding of the activator to DNA,without activating transcription. 
D) reduction in the binding of TFIIA and reduction in the binding TFIID. 
E) reduction in the binding TFIID and binding of the activator to DNA,without activating transcription. 
A) reduction in the binding of TFIIA. 
B) reduction in the binding TFIID. 
C) binding of the activator to DNA,without activating transcription. 
D) reduction in the binding of TFIIA and reduction in the binding TFIID. 
E) reduction in the binding TFIID and binding of the activator to DNA,without activating transcription.

Question 16

An enhanceosome is a nucleoprotein complex containing a collection of activators.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Many genes have more than one activator-binding site,so that they respond to multiple stimuli and establish fine control of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the Ras-Raf signaling pathway,MEK phosphorylates the protein kinase ERK to activate it.What does activated ERK do?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylate a variety of cytoplasmic proteins 
B) move into the nucleus 
C) phosphorylate and activate several activators in the nucleus 
D) phosphorylate and activate Elk-1 in the nucleus 
E) all of the above 
A) phosphorylate a variety of cytoplasmic proteins 
B) move into the nucleus 
C) phosphorylate and activate several activators in the nucleus 
D) phosphorylate and activate Elk-1 in the nucleus 
E) all of the above

Question 19

Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with DNA in an extract that you have prepared?

Accepted Answer

A) methylate the DNA 
B) methylate the histone 
C) acetylate the histones 
D) phosphorylate the histones 
E) phosphorylate the DNA 
A) methylate the DNA 
B) methylate the histone 
C) acetylate the histones 
D) phosphorylate the histones 
E) phosphorylate the DNA

Question 20

One way to prevent the activation of certain cells by a growth factor is to

Accepted Answer

A) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. 
B) block dimerization of the receptor. 
C) block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain. 
D) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block dimerization of the receptor. 
E) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain. 
A) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. 
B) block dimerization of the receptor. 
C) block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain. 
D) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block dimerization of the receptor. 
E) block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain.

Exam 12: Transcription Activators in Eukaryotes

Some insulators have both insulator and barrier activity.

Which of the following effects is possible if LEF1 were omitted from an in vitro transcription assay that you were conducting to look at the expression of the TCR α\alphaα gene?

Select the feature that is not true of the GAL4 protein.

Which of the following can be found in DNA-binding domains?

Predict the effect of blocking GTPase activity by a mutant lacking the GAP gene.Which of the following would be a possible outcome if cells in this mutant are treated with a growth factor?

Which of the following is a reasonable way to explain the ability of enhancers to act at a distance?

Glucocorticoid response elements are enhancers that bind to a receptor-glucocorticod complex.

What is the most likely outcome of ubiquitination of a transcription activator such as CREB?

DNA is complexed with protein in a structure called ___________.

Nuclear receptors interact with endocrine-signaling molecules.

Insulators are DNA elements that

Predict the effect of the addition of excess acetyltansferase to in vitro transcription assay.

Experimental evidence has shown that it is necessary for the promoter and the enhancer to be on the same chromosome in order to function together.

Nuclear receptors interact with steroids and other hormones form complexes that bind to hormone response elements in the cytoplasm.

One effect of mutation or deleting the activation domain of a transcriptional activator would be

An enhanceosome is a nucleoprotein complex containing a collection of activators.

Many genes have more than one activator-binding site,so that they respond to multiple stimuli and establish fine control of gene expression.

In the Ras-Raf signaling pathway,MEK phosphorylates the protein kinase ERK to activate it.What does activated ERK do?

Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with DNA in an extract that you have prepared?

One way to prevent the activation of certain cells by a growth factor is to

A Brief History

The Molecular Nature of Genes

An Introduction to Gene Function

Molecular Cloning Methods

Molecular Tools for Studying Genes and Gene Activity

The Mechanism of Transcription in Bacteria

Operons: Fine Control of Bacterial Transcription

Major Shifts in Bacterial Transcription

Dna-Protein Interactions in Bacteria

Eukaryotic Rna Polymerases and Their Promoters

General Transcription Factors in Eukaryotes

Chromatin Structure and Its Effect on Transcription

Rna Processing I: Splicing

Rna Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation

Rna Processing: Other Post-Transcriptional Events

The Mechanism of Translation I: Initiation

The Mechanism of Translation II: Elongation and Termination

Ribosomes and Transfer Rna

Dna Replication,damage and Repair

Dna Replication II: Detailed Mechanism

Homologous Recombination

Transposition

Introduction to Genomics: Dna Sequencing on a Genomic Scale

Genomics II: Functional Genomics,proteomics and Bioinformatics

Filters

Which of the following effects is possible if LEF1 were omitted from an in vitro transcription assay that you were conducting to look at the expression of the TCR $\alpha$ gene?