Question 1

One important consequence of the evolution of xylem was the development of a mechanism for

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar transport. 
B)  sperm transport. 
C)  preventing water evaporation. 
D)  rigid structural support. 
E)  flower development. 
A)  sugar transport. 
B)  sperm transport. 
C)  preventing water evaporation. 
D)  rigid structural support. 
E)  flower development.

Question 2

The green algae include which clade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryophytes 
B)  Lycophytes 
C)  Chlorophytes 
D)  Glaucophytes 
E)  Euphyllophytes 
A)  Embryophytes 
B)  Lycophytes 
C)  Chlorophytes 
D)  Glaucophytes 
E)  Euphyllophytes

Question 3

The nonvascular plant clades (including mosses)require water for fertilization during reproduction because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have no vascular system to transport water to the developing sporophyte. 
B)  the eggs are fertilized by a flagellated sperm that swims to the egg. 
C)  the neck of the archegonium has to degrade to allow the sperm to enter. 
D)  their pollinators are aquatic. 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  they have no vascular system to transport water to the developing sporophyte. 
B)  the eggs are fertilized by a flagellated sperm that swims to the egg. 
C)  the neck of the archegonium has to degrade to allow the sperm to enter. 
D)  their pollinators are aquatic. 
E)  Both b and c

Question 4

Which of the following is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Chlorophyll b 
C)  Multicellular sporophyte 
D)  Retention of the egg in the parental organism 
E)  Branched apical growth 
A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Chlorophyll b 
C)  Multicellular sporophyte 
D)  Retention of the egg in the parental organism 
E)  Branched apical growth

Question 5

Which evolutionary adaptation to land is not shared by all land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Waxy protective coverings 
B)  Support against gravity 
C)  A means of taking up water from the soil 
D)  Protective structures for the new sporophyte 
E)  Water transport by xylem 
A)  Waxy protective coverings 
B)  Support against gravity 
C)  A means of taking up water from the soil 
D)  Protective structures for the new sporophyte 
E)  Water transport by xylem

Question 6

Which group consists of three very different genera that share some characteristics with the angiosperms,including double fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cycads 
B)  Ginkgos 
C)  Conifers 
D)  Gnetophytes 
E)  Angiosperms 
A)  Cycads 
B)  Ginkgos 
C)  Conifers 
D)  Gnetophytes 
E)  Angiosperms

Question 7

Which group is characterized by fruits,flowers,endosperms,and highly reduced gametophytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cycads 
B)  Angiosperms 
C)  Conifers 
D)  Gnetophytes 
E)  Ginkgos 
A)  Cycads 
B)  Angiosperms 
C)  Conifers 
D)  Gnetophytes 
E)  Ginkgos

Question 8

The most stable resting stage in the life cycle of the seedless vascular plants is the

Accepted Answer

A)  sporangium. 
B)  spore. 
C)  spore mother cell. 
D)  sporophyte. 
E)  gametophye. 
A)  sporangium. 
B)  spore. 
C)  spore mother cell. 
D)  sporophyte. 
E)  gametophye.

Question 9

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants,most likely because they lack

Accepted Answer

A)  an efficient system for conducting water and minerals. 
B)  an efficient mode of respiration. 
C)  a photosynthetic mechanism. 
D)  mechanisms for nutrient and water absorption. 
E)  the ability to disperse offspring. 
A)  an efficient system for conducting water and minerals. 
B)  an efficient mode of respiration. 
C)  a photosynthetic mechanism. 
D)  mechanisms for nutrient and water absorption. 
E)  the ability to disperse offspring.

Question 10

Throughout the evolution of the land plants,the sporophyte generation has become _______ and more independent of the gametophyte,and the gametophyte generation has become _______ and more dependent on the sporophyte.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller;smaller 
B)  larger;smaller 
C)  smaller;larger 
D)  larger;larger 
E)  larger or smaller;larger 
A)  smaller;smaller 
B)  larger;smaller 
C)  smaller;larger 
D)  larger;larger 
E)  larger or smaller;larger

Question 11

Which group of plants produces "wood" (extensively proliferated xylem)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants that produce seeds 
B)  Only plants that do not have pollen 
C)  All plants that depend on water for fertilization 
D)  Only plants that produce haploid spores 
E)  All plants with vascular systems 
A)  Plants that produce seeds 
B)  Only plants that do not have pollen 
C)  All plants that depend on water for fertilization 
D)  Only plants that produce haploid spores 
E)  All plants with vascular systems

Question 12

Stomata appear to have arisen first in the

Accepted Answer

A)  horsetails. 
B)  mosses. 
C)  liverworts. 
D)  gymnosperms. 
E)  angiosperms. 
A)  horsetails. 
B)  mosses. 
C)  liverworts. 
D)  gymnosperms. 
E)  angiosperms.

Question 13

A plant that produces seeds in fruits,endosperm in its seeds,and one cotyledon per seedling is most likely a member of the

Accepted Answer

A)  monocots. 
B)  cycads. 
C)  ginkgoes. 
D)  conifers. 
E)  dicots. 
A)  monocots. 
B)  cycads. 
C)  ginkgoes. 
D)  conifers. 
E)  dicots.

Question 14

In which stage does genetic recombination not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horsetail sporangia 
B)  Moss sporophyte 
C)  Fern sori 
D)  Club moss strobili 
E)  Moss gametophyte 
A)  Horsetail sporangia 
B)  Moss sporophyte 
C)  Fern sori 
D)  Club moss strobili 
E)  Moss gametophyte

Question 15

Which group exhibits basal growth,are sometimes called the scouring rushes because of the silica deposits in their cell walls,and have simple leaves that form distinct whorls around the stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ginkgoes 
B)  Horsetails 
C)  Ferns 
D)  Hornworts 
E)  Club mosses 
A)  Ginkgoes 
B)  Horsetails 
C)  Ferns 
D)  Hornworts 
E)  Club mosses

Question 16

The gymnosperms are considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  a monophyletic group. 
B)  a polyphyletic group. 
C)  a paraphyletic group. 
D)  closely related to the chlorophytes. 
E)  the most highly derived (evolved)of the plants. 
A)  a monophyletic group. 
B)  a polyphyletic group. 
C)  a paraphyletic group. 
D)  closely related to the chlorophytes. 
E)  the most highly derived (evolved)of the plants.

Question 17

Bird-pollinated flowers

Accepted Answer

A)  are often red and odorless. 
B)  have characteristic odors. 
C)  have conspicuous markings that are evident only in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. 
D)  are always grouped in an inflorescence. 
E)  always have long,narrow shapes. 
A)  are often red and odorless. 
B)  have characteristic odors. 
C)  have conspicuous markings that are evident only in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. 
D)  are always grouped in an inflorescence. 
E)  always have long,narrow shapes.

Question 18

How could you determine if an unknown plant stem has microphylls or small megaphylls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Examine the vascular system.If there is only one strand of vascular tissue,they are most likely microphylls. 
B)  Measure the length of the leaflike structures.If they are a centimeter or less in length,they are microphylls. 
C)  Examine the branching pattern.If it is dichotomous,they are most likely megaphylls. 
D)  Look for sporangia.If they are present,the leaflike structures are most likely microphylls. 
E)  Look for roots.If they are absent,the structures are most likely megaphylls. 
A)  Examine the vascular system.If there is only one strand of vascular tissue,they are most likely microphylls. 
B)  Measure the length of the leaflike structures.If they are a centimeter or less in length,they are microphylls. 
C)  Examine the branching pattern.If it is dichotomous,they are most likely megaphylls. 
D)  Look for sporangia.If they are present,the leaflike structures are most likely microphylls. 
E)  Look for roots.If they are absent,the structures are most likely megaphylls.

Question 19

Seed plants are all

Accepted Answer

A)  heterosporous. 
B)  dioecious. 
C)  monoecious. 
D)  eudicots. 
E)  dependent on animals for fertilization. 
A)  heterosporous. 
B)  dioecious. 
C)  monoecious. 
D)  eudicots. 
E)  dependent on animals for fertilization.

Question 20

Which structure is found in the stamen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anther 
B)  Corolla 
C)  Stigma 
D)  Sepal 
E)  Receptacle 
A)  Anther 
B)  Corolla 
C)  Stigma 
D)  Sepal 
E)  Receptacle

Exam 21: The Evolution of Plants

One important consequence of the evolution of xylem was the development of a mechanism for

The green algae include which clade?

The nonvascular plant clades (including mosses)require water for fertilization during reproduction because

Which of the following is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants?

Which evolutionary adaptation to land is not shared by all land plants?

Which group consists of three very different genera that share some characteristics with the angiosperms,including double fertilization?

Which group is characterized by fruits,flowers,endosperms,and highly reduced gametophytes?

The most stable resting stage in the life cycle of the seedless vascular plants is the

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants,most likely because they lack

Throughout the evolution of the land plants,the sporophyte generation has become _______ and more independent of the gametophyte,and the gametophyte generation has become _______ and more dependent on the sporophyte.

Which group of plants produces "wood" (extensively proliferated xylem)?

Stomata appear to have arisen first in the

A plant that produces seeds in fruits,endosperm in its seeds,and one cotyledon per seedling is most likely a member of the

In which stage does genetic recombination not occur?

Which group exhibits basal growth,are sometimes called the scouring rushes because of the silica deposits in their cell walls,and have simple leaves that form distinct whorls around the stem?

The gymnosperms are considered to be

Bird-pollinated flowers

How could you determine if an unknown plant stem has microphylls or small megaphylls?

Seed plants are all

Which structure is found in the stamen?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Throughout the evolution of the land plants,the sporophyte generation has become _ and more independent of the gametophyte,and the gametophyte generation has become _ and more dependent on the sporophyte.