Question 1

Bacteria engage in genetic transfers after a thin projection called a _______ extends from one cell to another.

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosome 
B)  plasmid 
C)  sex pilus 
D)  highly packed linear strand of DNA 
E)  chiasma 
A)  chromosome 
B)  plasmid 
C)  sex pilus 
D)  highly packed linear strand of DNA 
E)  chiasma

Question 2

Epistasis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of genes that are close together. 
B)  the equal interaction of two genes so that a new phenotype is produced. 
C)  the expression of two genes in the same individual. 
D)  the linear order of genes on a chromosome. 
E)  one gene altering the phenotypic effect of another gene. 
A)  a group of genes that are close together. 
B)  the equal interaction of two genes so that a new phenotype is produced. 
C)  the expression of two genes in the same individual. 
D)  the linear order of genes on a chromosome. 
E)  one gene altering the phenotypic effect of another gene.

Question 3

Organelles such as mitochondria and the genes that they contain display _______ inheritance and are _______ inherited.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mendelian;maternally 
B)  non-Mendelian;paternally 
C)  Mendelian;cytoplasmically 
D)  non-Mendelian;maternally 
E)  Mendelian;paternally 
A)  Mendelian;maternally 
B)  non-Mendelian;paternally 
C)  Mendelian;cytoplasmically 
D)  non-Mendelian;maternally 
E)  Mendelian;paternally

Question 4

Which statement about the disease hemophilia is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It affects the daughters of carriers. 
B)  In an affected individual who has been injured,a clot forms within minutes and stops the bleeding. 
C)  It is not inherited but occurs randomly in a population. 
D)  It is caused by absence of a specific protein crucial for blood clot formation. 
E)  It is inherited solely from the father. 
A)  It affects the daughters of carriers. 
B)  In an affected individual who has been injured,a clot forms within minutes and stops the bleeding. 
C)  It is not inherited but occurs randomly in a population. 
D)  It is caused by absence of a specific protein crucial for blood clot formation. 
E)  It is inherited solely from the father.

Question 5

Mendel's dihybrid crosses using peas that differed in seed characters did not

Accepted Answer

A)  result in four different phenotypes. 
B)  involve two different characters. 
C)  lead to the formation of the law of independent assortment. 
D)  involve unlinked genes. 
E)  reveal that genes encoding seed characters are linked. 
A)  result in four different phenotypes. 
B)  involve two different characters. 
C)  lead to the formation of the law of independent assortment. 
D)  involve unlinked genes. 
E)  reveal that genes encoding seed characters are linked.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions :
Agouti is a type of coat color pattern in mouse that cannot be expressed in albinos (white mice).Nonalbino mice without the dominant agouti allele (AAbb and Aabb)are black.An agouti mouse that is heterozygous at the albino (A)and agouti (B)loci (AaBb)is mated to an albino mouse that is heterozygous at the agouti locus (aaBb).
-What percent of the progeny are likely to be albino?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 percent 
B)  12.5 percent 
C)  37.5 percent 
D)  50 percent 
E)  100 percent 
A)  0 percent 
B)  12.5 percent 
C)  37.5 percent 
D)  50 percent 
E)  100 percent

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
In dogs,phenotype A (erect ears and barking while following a scent)is caused by dominant alleles;phenotype B (droopy ears and silent while following a scent)is caused by recessive alleles.A dog that is homozygous for both traits of phenotype A is mated to a dog with phenotype B.
-If the genes for the two traits are unlinked,and the F1 generation is crossed,what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  9:3:3:1 (A:erect silent:droopy barking:
B)  
B)  1:1 (A:
B)  
C)  1:0 (A:
B)  
D)  1:2:1 (A:erect silent:
B)  
E)  4:1 (A:
B)  
A)  9:3:3:1 (A:erect silent:droopy barking:
B)  
B)  1:1 (A:
B)  
C)  1:0 (A:
B)  
D)  1:2:1 (A:erect silent:
B)  
E)  4:1 (A:
B)

Question 8

A particular genetic cross in which the individual in question is crossed with an individual known to be homozygous for a recessive trait is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  parental cross. 
B)  dihybrid cross. 
C)  filial generation mating. 
D)  reciprocal cross. 
E)  test cross. 
A)  parental cross. 
B)  dihybrid cross. 
C)  filial generation mating. 
D)  reciprocal cross. 
E)  test cross.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions :
Egg and Fluffy are two linked bird genes that are 16 map units apart.The E allele of Egg produces large eggs and the e allele produces small eggs (E is dominant).The F allele produces fluffy feathers and the f allele produces nonfluffy feathers (F is dominant).
-If EEFF is crossed with eeff,what proportion of female offspring will produce large eggs and fluffy feathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 percent 
B)  16 percent 
C)  42 percent 
D)  84 percent 
E)  100 percent 
A)  8 percent 
B)  16 percent 
C)  42 percent 
D)  84 percent 
E)  100 percent

Question 10

Classical albinism results from a recessive allele.What is the expected ratio for the progeny when a normally pigmented male with an albino father has children with an albino woman?

Accepted Answer

A)  3/4 normal,1/4 albino 
B)  3/4 albino,1/4 normal 
C)  1/2 normal,1/2 albino 
D)  All normal 
E)  All albino 
A)  3/4 normal,1/4 albino 
B)  3/4 albino,1/4 normal 
C)  1/2 normal,1/2 albino 
D)  All normal 
E)  All albino

Question 11

Mendel concluded that each pea has two units for each character,and each gamete contains one unit.Mendel's "unit" is now referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  gene. 
B)  character. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genotype. 
E)  trait. 
A)  gene. 
B)  character. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genotype. 
E)  trait.

Question 12

The genotype of an organism that expresses a dominant trait can be determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  crossing the organism with a homozygous dominant organism. 
B)  crossing the organism with a heterozygous dominant organism. 
C)  observing the phenotype of the progeny from any cross. 
D)  crossing the organism with a homozygous recessive organism. 
E)  observing the genotype of the progeny from any cross. 
A)  crossing the organism with a homozygous dominant organism. 
B)  crossing the organism with a heterozygous dominant organism. 
C)  observing the phenotype of the progeny from any cross. 
D)  crossing the organism with a homozygous recessive organism. 
E)  observing the genotype of the progeny from any cross.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions :
In dogs,phenotype A (erect ears and barking while following a scent)is caused by dominant alleles;phenotype B (droopy ears and silent while following a scent)is caused by recessive alleles.A dog that is homozygous for both traits of phenotype A is mated to a dog with phenotype B.
-If the genes for the two traits are unlinked,what is the expected F1 phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  9:3:3:1 (A:erect silent:droopy barking:
B)  
B)  1:1 (A:
B)  
C)  1:0 (A:
B)  
D)  1:2:1 (A:erect silent:
B)  
E)  4:1 (A:
B)  
A)  9:3:3:1 (A:erect silent:droopy barking:
B)  
B)  1:1 (A:
B)  
C)  1:0 (A:
B)  
D)  1:2:1 (A:erect silent:
B)  
E)  4:1 (A:
B)

Question 14

Which statement about a dihybrid cross is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results in a genotypic ratio of 2:1. 
B)  It involves genes located on the sex chromosomes. 
C)  It results in offspring of lower quality than that of the parents. 
D)  It results in two different phenotypes in the F2 generation. 
E)  It is a cross between identical double heterozygotes. 
A)  It results in a genotypic ratio of 2:1. 
B)  It involves genes located on the sex chromosomes. 
C)  It results in offspring of lower quality than that of the parents. 
D)  It results in two different phenotypes in the F2 generation. 
E)  It is a cross between identical double heterozygotes.

Question 15

In humans,a widow's peak is caused by a dominant allele (W),and a continuous hairline is caused by a recessive allele (w).Short fingers are caused by a dominant allele (S),and long fingers are caused by a recessive allele (s).Suppose a woman with a continuous hairline and short fingers and a man with a widow's peak and long fingers have three children.One child has short fingers and a widow's peak,one has long fingers and a widow's peak,and one has long fingers and a continuous hairline.What are the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Female wwSS,male WWss 
B)  Female wwSs,male Wwss 
C)  Female wwSs,male WWss 
D)  Female WwSs,male WwSs 
E)  Female WWSs,male wwss. 
A)  Female wwSS,male WWss 
B)  Female wwSs,male Wwss 
C)  Female wwSs,male WWss 
D)  Female WwSs,male WwSs 
E)  Female WWSs,male wwss.

Question 16

In a simple Mendelian monohybrid cross,true-breeding tall plants are crossed with short plants,and the F1 plants,which are all tall,are allowed to self-pollinate.What fraction of the F2 generation will be both tall and heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/8 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/3 
D)  2/3 
E)  1/2 
A)  1/8 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/3 
D)  2/3 
E)  1/2

Question 17

The physical appearance of an organism is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the phenotype. 
B)  the genotype. 
C)  an allele. 
D)  a trait. 
E)  a gene. 
A)  the phenotype. 
B)  the genotype. 
C)  an allele. 
D)  a trait. 
E)  a gene.

Question 18

Which organelle does not contain DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus 
B)  Chloroplast 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosome 
E)  All of the above contain DNA. 
A)  Nucleus 
B)  Chloroplast 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosome 
E)  All of the above contain DNA.

Question 19

Which statement best explains the fundamental difference between the theory of blending inheritance and the theory of particulate inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of blending inheritance,but not according to particulate inheritance. 
B)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of particulate inheritance,but not according to blending inheritance. 
C)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of blending inheritance,but not according to particulate inheritance. 
D)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of particulate inheritance,but not according to blending inheritance. 
E)  The theory of blending inheritance applies to diploid organisms,whereas the theory of particulate inheritance applies to haploid organisms. 
A)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of blending inheritance,but not according to particulate inheritance. 
B)  Genes remain stable across generations according to the theory of particulate inheritance,but not according to blending inheritance. 
C)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of blending inheritance,but not according to particulate inheritance. 
D)  Gametes fuse during fertilization according to the theory of particulate inheritance,but not according to blending inheritance. 
E)  The theory of blending inheritance applies to diploid organisms,whereas the theory of particulate inheritance applies to haploid organisms.

Question 20

The site on the chromosome occupied by a gene is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  allele. 
B)  region. 
C)  locus. 
D)  type. 
E)  phenotype. 
A)  allele. 
B)  region. 
C)  locus. 
D)  type. 
E)  phenotype.

Exam 8: Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Bacteria engage in genetic transfers after a thin projection called a _______ extends from one cell to another.

Epistasis refers to

Organelles such as mitochondria and the genes that they contain display _______ inheritance and are _______ inherited.

Which statement about the disease hemophilia is true?

Mendel's dihybrid crosses using peas that differed in seed characters did not

A particular genetic cross in which the individual in question is crossed with an individual known to be homozygous for a recessive trait is referred to as a

Classical albinism results from a recessive allele.What is the expected ratio for the progeny when a normally pigmented male with an albino father has children with an albino woman?

Mendel concluded that each pea has two units for each character,and each gamete contains one unit.Mendel's "unit" is now referred to as a(n)

The genotype of an organism that expresses a dominant trait can be determined by

Which statement about a dihybrid cross is true?

In a simple Mendelian monohybrid cross,true-breeding tall plants are crossed with short plants,and the F1 plants,which are all tall,are allowed to self-pollinate.What fraction of the F2 generation will be both tall and heterozygous?

The physical appearance of an organism is called

Which organelle does not contain DNA?

Which statement best explains the fundamental difference between the theory of blending inheritance and the theory of particulate inheritance?

The site on the chromosome occupied by a gene is called a(n)

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Organelles such as mitochondria and the genes that they contain display _ inheritance and are _ inherited.

In a simple Mendelian monohybrid cross,true-breeding tall plants are crossed with short plants,and the F₁ plants,which are all tall,are allowed to self-pollinate.What fraction of the F₂ generation will be both tall and heterozygous?