Exam 42: Trait Theories, Social-Cognitive Theories, and the Self

Martin Seligman's positive psychology differs from the humanistic perspective in that it

Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

An example of self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

People's scores on a test of agreeableness are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation. Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Which of the following is a basic personality factor assessed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Researchers have identified brain areas associated with various Big Five traits. A frontal lobe area that is sensitive to reward has been found to be larger among those who are high in

The use of positive emotion words in text messaging is best predicted by the Big Five trait of

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by

Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called

In the long run, people who practice self-regulation through physical exercise and time-managed study programs experience an increase in

Andy, a high school sophomore, lacks self-discipline, fails to plan ahead, and is excessively anxious. He is quickly frustrated by challenging tasks and frequently becomes overly critical of others. Use social-cognitive theory to explain Andy's behavior.

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to