Question 1

When two atoms are equally electronegative,they will interact to form

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds. 
B) van der Waals interactions. 
C) polar covalent bonds. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds. 
E) ionic bonds. 
A) hydrogen bonds. 
B) van der Waals interactions. 
C) polar covalent bonds. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds. 
E) ionic bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Lakes don't freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures. 
B) A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C) Organisms resist temperature changes,although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D) Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E) Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants. 
A) Lakes don't freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures. 
B) A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C) Organisms resist temperature changes,although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D) Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E) Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants.

Question 3

Figure 2.8
-How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution?
(carbon = 12,oxygen = 16,hydrogen = 1)

Accepted Answer

A) 29 
B) 30 
C) 60 
D) 180 
E) 300 
A) 29 
B) 30 
C) 60 
D) 180 
E) 300

Question 4

Scientists have synthesized a new artificial compound to mimic the effects of a hormone that influences sexual behavior.Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone 
B) a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons)as the hormone 
C) a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone 
D) a compound with the same number of valence electrons as the hormone 
E) a compound with the same number of oxygen,hydrogen,and nitrogen atoms as the hormone 
A) a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone 
B) a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons)as the hormone 
C) a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone 
D) a compound with the same number of valence electrons as the hormone 
E) a compound with the same number of oxygen,hydrogen,and nitrogen atoms as the hormone

Question 5

How many electron pairs are shared between the two carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 6

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)serves as a buffer in human blood.Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)and a hydrogen ion (H+).Thus,
H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+
A decrease in blood pH would result in

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-. 
B) a decrease in the concentrations of H2CO3 and HCO3-. 
C) an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3-. 
D) an increase in the concentrations of H2CO3 and HCO3-. 
A) a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-. 
B) a decrease in the concentrations of H2CO3 and HCO3-. 
C) an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3-. 
D) an increase in the concentrations of H2CO3 and HCO3-.

Question 7

Nitrogen (N)is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H).Which of the following statements about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge;the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B) The nitrogen atom has a full positive charge;each hydrogen atom has a full positive charge. 
C) Each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge;the nitrogen atom has a full positive charge. 
D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge;each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
E) There are nonpolar covalent bonds between each hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom. 
A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge;the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B) The nitrogen atom has a full positive charge;each hydrogen atom has a full positive charge. 
C) Each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge;the nitrogen atom has a full positive charge. 
D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge;each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
E) There are nonpolar covalent bonds between each hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom.

Question 8

Which of the following are considered compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) H2O,O2,and CH4 
B) H2O and O2 
C) O2 and CH4 
D) CH4 and O2,but not H2O 
E) H2O and CH4,but not O2 
A) H2O,O2,and CH4 
B) H2O and O2 
C) O2 and CH4 
D) CH4 and O2,but not H2O 
E) H2O and CH4,but not O2

Question 9

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

Accepted Answer

A) mass. 
B) volume. 
C) number of atoms. 
D) number of molecules. 
A) mass. 
B) volume. 
C) number of atoms. 
D) number of molecules.

Question 10

The most stable interaction between magnesium (atomic number 12)and chlorine (atomic number 17)forms which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) MgCl,in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds 
B) MgCl,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds 
C) Mg2Cl,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds 
D) MgCl2,in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds 
E) MgCl2,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds 
A) MgCl,in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds 
B) MgCl,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds 
C) Mg2Cl,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds 
D) MgCl2,in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds 
E) MgCl2,in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds

Question 11

Which four of the 92 naturally occurring elements make up approximately 96% of the mass of the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon,sodium,hydrogen,nitrogen 
B) carbon,oxygen,phosphorus,hydrogen 
C) oxygen,hydrogen,calcium,nitrogen 
D) carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen 
E) carbon,oxygen,nitrogen,calcium 
A) carbon,sodium,hydrogen,nitrogen 
B) carbon,oxygen,phosphorus,hydrogen 
C) oxygen,hydrogen,calcium,nitrogen 
D) carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen 
E) carbon,oxygen,nitrogen,calcium

Question 12

Which of the following best describes how an atom with atomic number 12 would behave in terms of forming bonds with other elements?

Accepted Answer

A) It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B) It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C) It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D) It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E) It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms. 
A) It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B) It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C) It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D) It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E) It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 13

A covalent bond is formed by

Accepted Answer

A) sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B) sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C) sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D) transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 
A) sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B) sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C) sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D) transfer of an electron from one atom to another.

Question 14

Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same

Accepted Answer

A) atomic number. 
B) number of electrons. 
C) number of protons. 
D) number of protons plus neutrons. 
E) chemical properties. 
A) atomic number. 
B) number of electrons. 
C) number of protons. 
D) number of protons plus neutrons. 
E) chemical properties.

Question 15

What type of bonding or interaction may occur among a broad array of molecules with various physical properties (polar,nonpolar,hydrophilic,hydrophobic)?

Accepted Answer

A) covalent bonding 
B) polar covalent bonding 
C) ionic bonding 
D) hydrogen bonding 
E) van der Waals interactions 
A) covalent bonding 
B) polar covalent bonding 
C) ionic bonding 
D) hydrogen bonding 
E) van der Waals interactions

Question 16

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16.What is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 8 grams 
B) approximately 8 daltons 
C) approximately 16 grams 
D) approximately 16 daltons 
E) approximately 24 daltons 
A) approximately 8 grams 
B) approximately 8 daltons 
C) approximately 16 grams 
D) approximately 16 daltons 
E) approximately 24 daltons

Question 17

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is readily soluble in water,according to the equation
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3.Carbonic acid (H2CO3)is a weak acid.Respiring cells release CO2 into the bloodstream.What will be the effect on the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood pH will decrease slightly. 
B) Blood pH will increase slightly. 
C) Blood pH will remain unchanged. 
D) Blood pH will first increase,then decrease as CO2 combines with hemoglobin. 
A) Blood pH will decrease slightly. 
B) Blood pH will increase slightly. 
C) Blood pH will remain unchanged. 
D) Blood pH will first increase,then decrease as CO2 combines with hemoglobin.

Question 18

Figure 2.3
-Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an atom capable of forming three covalent bonds with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Chemical equilibrium is described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) Forward and reverse reactions continue with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B) The concentrations of the products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C) Forward and reverse reactions have stopped so that the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. 
D) Reactions stop when all reactants have been converted to products. 
A) Forward and reverse reactions continue with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B) The concentrations of the products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C) Forward and reverse reactions have stopped so that the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. 
D) Reactions stop when all reactants have been converted to products.

Question 20

An equal volume (5 mL)of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions.After complete mixing,which of the mixtures will have the highest pH?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mL of pure water 
B) 100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C) 100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D) 100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E) 100 mL of tomato juice 
A) 100 mL of pure water 
B) 100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C) 100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D) 100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E) 100 mL of tomato juice

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

When two atoms are equally electronegative,they will interact to form

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Figure 2.8 -How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution? (carbon = 12,oxygen = 16,hydrogen = 1)

Scientists have synthesized a new artificial compound to mimic the effects of a hormone that influences sexual behavior.Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?

How many electron pairs are shared between the two carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)serves as a buffer in human blood.Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)and a hydrogen ion (H+).Thus, H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+ A decrease in blood pH would result in

Nitrogen (N)is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H).Which of the following statements about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)is correct?

Which of the following are considered compounds?

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

The most stable interaction between magnesium (atomic number 12)and chlorine (atomic number 17)forms which of the following molecules?

Which four of the 92 naturally occurring elements make up approximately 96% of the mass of the human body?

Which of the following best describes how an atom with atomic number 12 would behave in terms of forming bonds with other elements?

A covalent bond is formed by

Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same

What type of bonding or interaction may occur among a broad array of molecules with various physical properties (polar,nonpolar,hydrophilic,hydrophobic)?

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16.What is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is readily soluble in water,according to the equation CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3.Carbonic acid (H2CO3)is a weak acid.Respiring cells release CO2 into the bloodstream.What will be the effect on the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an atom capable of forming three covalent bonds with other atoms?

Chemical equilibrium is described by which of the following statements?

An equal volume (5 mL)of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions.After complete mixing,which of the mixtures will have the highest pH?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

How many electron pairs are shared between the two carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C₂H₄?

Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)serves as a buffer in human blood.Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-)and a hydrogen ion (H⁺).Thus, H₂CO₃ ↔ HCO₃^- + H⁺ A decrease in blood pH would result in

Nitrogen (N)is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H).Which of the following statements about the atoms in ammonia (NH₃)is correct?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is readily soluble in water,according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃.Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)is a weak acid.Respiring cells release CO₂into the bloodstream.What will be the effect on the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?