Question 1

Which of the following properties is common among elements in the same column of the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

A) They have the same number of protons. 
B) They have the same number of neutrons. 
C) They have the same number of electrons. 
D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell. 
E) They have the same number of electron shells. 
A) They have the same number of protons. 
B) They have the same number of neutrons. 
C) They have the same number of electrons. 
D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell. 
E) They have the same number of electron shells.

Question 2

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating.Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) water's change in density when it condenses 
B) water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air 
C) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds 
D) the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds 
A) water's change in density when it condenses 
B) water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air 
C) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds 
D) the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

Question 3

One proposal to mitigate the effects of burning fossil fuels on atmospheric CO2 concentrations is to pipe liquid CO2 into the ocean at depths of 2,500 feet or greater.At the high pressures at such depths,CO2 is heavier than water.What potential effects might result from implementing such a scheme?

Accepted Answer

A) increased photosynthetic carbon fixation because of the increased dissolved carbon dioxide in the deep water 
B) increased carbonate concentrations in the deep waters 
C) increased growth of corals from a change in the carbonate-bicarbonate equilibrium 
D) no effect because carbon dioxide is not soluble in water 
E) changes in the growth of deep sea-dwelling organisms with calcium carbonate shells 
A) increased photosynthetic carbon fixation because of the increased dissolved carbon dioxide in the deep water 
B) increased carbonate concentrations in the deep waters 
C) increased growth of corals from a change in the carbonate-bicarbonate equilibrium 
D) no effect because carbon dioxide is not soluble in water 
E) changes in the growth of deep sea-dwelling organisms with calcium carbonate shells

Question 4

How many glucose molecules are contained in 1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Accepted Answer

A) 6)02 × 1023 
B) 3)01 × 1023 
C) 6)02 × 1024 
D) 12.04 × 1023 
E) 6)02 × 1022 
A) 6)02 × 1023 
B) 3)01 × 1023 
C) 6)02 × 1024 
D) 12.04 × 1023 
E) 6)02 × 1022

Question 5

Which of the following properties is shared by elements in the same row of the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

A) They have the same number of protons. 
B) They have the same number of neutrons. 
C) They have the same number of electrons. 
D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell. 
E) They have the same number of electron shells. 
A) They have the same number of protons. 
B) They have the same number of neutrons. 
C) They have the same number of electrons. 
D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell. 
E) They have the same number of electron shells.

Question 6

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2.What can you conclude about this substance?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. 
B) It is a strong base that ionizes completely in water. 
C) It is a weak acid. 
D) It is a weak base. 
E) It is a buffer. 
A) It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. 
B) It is a strong base that ionizes completely in water. 
C) It is a weak acid. 
D) It is a weak base. 
E) It is a buffer.

Question 7

An ionic bond is formed by

Accepted Answer

A) sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B) sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C) sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D) transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 
E) transfer of a proton from one atom to another. 
A) sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B) sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C) sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D) transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 
E) transfer of a proton from one atom to another.

Question 8

Figure 2.8
-How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 2 L of a 1 M solution?
(carbon = 12,oxygen = 16,hydrogen = 1)

Accepted Answer

A) 29 
B) 30 
C) 60 
D) 120 
E) 180 
A) 29 
B) 30 
C) 60 
D) 120 
E) 180

Question 9

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 10

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C6H12O6 → ________ C2H6O + ________ CO2

Accepted Answer

A) 1;2 
B) 3;1 
C) 1;3 
D) 2;2 
A) 1;2 
B) 3;1 
C) 1;3 
D) 2;2

Question 11

Figure 2.4
-How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus-32 (32P)isotope (see Figure 2.4)?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 15 
C) 16 
D) 17 
E) 32 
A) 5 
B) 15 
C) 16 
D) 17 
E) 32

Question 12

Sulfur (atomic number 16)will have chemical properties most similar to

Accepted Answer

A) carbon (atomic number 6). 
B) nitrogen (atomic number 7). 
C) oxygen (atomic number 8). 
D) phosphorous (atomic number 15). 
E) chlorine (atomic number 17). 
A) carbon (atomic number 6). 
B) nitrogen (atomic number 7). 
C) oxygen (atomic number 8). 
D) phosphorous (atomic number 15). 
E) chlorine (atomic number 17).

Question 13

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

Accepted Answer

A) nonpolar substances that repel water molecules. 
B) nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules. 
C) polar substances that repel water molecules. 
D) polar substances that have an affinity for water. 
A) nonpolar substances that repel water molecules. 
B) nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules. 
C) polar substances that repel water molecules. 
D) polar substances that have an affinity for water.

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal. 
B) The reaction is now irreversible. 
C) Both forward and reverse reactions have halted. 
D) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. 
A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal. 
B) The reaction is now irreversible. 
C) Both forward and reverse reactions have halted. 
D) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Question 15

Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass).Which of the following is a trace element that is required by all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) iron 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) sodium 
E) potassium 
A) iron 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) sodium 
E) potassium

Question 16

Figure 2.2
-Refer to Figure 2.2 (first three rows of the periodic table).If life arose on a planet where carbon is absent,which element might fill the role of carbon in compounds essential to life?

Accepted Answer

A) boron 
B) silicon 
C) nitrogen 
D) aluminum 
E) phosphorus 
A) boron 
B) silicon 
C) nitrogen 
D) aluminum 
E) phosphorus

Question 17

The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.What is the molarity of 1 liter of pure water? (Hint: One liter of pure water has a mass of 1 kg. )

Accepted Answer

A) 55.6 M 
B) 18 M 
C) 37 M 
D) 0.66 M 
E) 1.0 M 
A) 55.6 M 
B) 18 M 
C) 37 M 
D) 0.66 M 
E) 1.0 M

Question 18

A strong acid like HCl

Accepted Answer

A) dissociates completely in an aqueous solution. 
B) increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution. 
C) reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution. 
D) is a strong buffer at low pH. 
E) is a strong buffer at high pH. 
A) dissociates completely in an aqueous solution. 
B) increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution. 
C) reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution. 
D) is a strong buffer at low pH. 
E) is a strong buffer at high pH.

Question 19

The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories.If a person were to ignite one serving of the cereal in a bowl,the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2°C 
B) 1.0°C 
C) 2.0°C 
D) 10.0°C 
E) 20.0°C 
A) 0.2°C 
B) 1.0°C 
C) 2.0°C 
D) 10.0°C 
E) 20.0°C

Question 20

Figure 2.4
-How many electrons does an atom of sulfur (S)have in its valence shell (see Figure 2.4)?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Which of the following properties is common among elements in the same column of the periodic table?

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating.Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

One proposal to mitigate the effects of burning fossil fuels on atmospheric CO2 concentrations is to pipe liquid CO2 into the ocean at depths of 2,500 feet or greater.At the high pressures at such depths,CO2 is heavier than water.What potential effects might result from implementing such a scheme?

How many glucose molecules are contained in 1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Which of the following properties is shared by elements in the same row of the periodic table?

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2.What can you conclude about this substance?

An ionic bond is formed by

Figure 2.8 -How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 2 L of a 1 M solution? (carbon = 12,oxygen = 16,hydrogen = 1)

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C6H12O6 → ________ C2H6O + ________ CO2

Figure 2.4 -How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus-32 (32P)isotope (see Figure 2.4)?

Sulfur (atomic number 16)will have chemical properties most similar to

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass).Which of the following is a trace element that is required by all organisms?

Figure 2.2 -Refer to Figure 2.2 (first three rows of the periodic table).If life arose on a planet where carbon is absent,which element might fill the role of carbon in compounds essential to life?

The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.What is the molarity of 1 liter of pure water? (Hint: One liter of pure water has a mass of 1 kg. )

A strong acid like HCl

The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories.If a person were to ignite one serving of the cereal in a bowl,the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?

Figure 2.4 -How many electrons does an atom of sulfur (S)have in its valence shell (see Figure 2.4)?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₂H₆O + CO₂

Figure 2.4 -How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus-32 ⁽³²P)isotope (see Figure 2.4)?