Question 1

Which of the following statements about end- product inhibition is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The last product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the activity of an enzyme earlier in that path. 
B) The enzyme modulated is often the rate- limiting enzyme. 
C) It is an example of negative feedback. 
D) It usually involves allosteric modulation of an enzyme. 
E) The amount of product produced is increased by this process. 
A) The last product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the activity of an enzyme earlier in that path. 
B) The enzyme modulated is often the rate- limiting enzyme. 
C) It is an example of negative feedback. 
D) It usually involves allosteric modulation of an enzyme. 
E) The amount of product produced is increased by this process.

Question 2

The energy that is stored within an object for later use is referred to as energy.

Accepted Answer

A) thermal 
B) kinetic 
C) potential 
D) radiant 
E) kinesthetic 
A) thermal 
B) kinetic 
C) potential 
D) radiant 
E) kinesthetic

Question 3

Several types of chemical reactions are involved in the process of metabolism. Provide a general description of these reactions: hydrolysis, condensation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, oxidation, and reduction reactions.

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis/condensation reactions involv

Question 4

When phosphate is added to ADP to form the energy- storing molecule ATP, this is known as and, since water is also produced, this reaction is also considered a reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylation : dephosphorylation 
B) dephosphorylation : condensation 
C) phosphorylation : condensation 
D) dephosphorylation : hydrolysis 
E) phosphorylation : hydrolysis 
A) phosphorylation : dephosphorylation 
B) dephosphorylation : condensation 
C) phosphorylation : condensation 
D) dephosphorylation : hydrolysis 
E) phosphorylation : hydrolysis

Question 5

Glycogen in muscle is used to

Accepted Answer

A) convert glucose to amino acids. 
B) both fuel muscle activity and maintain blood glucose. 
C) convert glucose to fats. 
D) contribute to the maintenance of blood glucose. 
E) fuel the activity of that muscle exclusively. 
A) convert glucose to amino acids. 
B) both fuel muscle activity and maintain blood glucose. 
C) convert glucose to fats. 
D) contribute to the maintenance of blood glucose. 
E) fuel the activity of that muscle exclusively.

Question 6

Chemical reactions that involve the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids that produce water as a byproduct are called _ _ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis 
B) phosphorylation 
C) reduction 
D) oxidation 
E) condensation 
A) hydrolysis 
B) phosphorylation 
C) reduction 
D) oxidation 
E) condensation

Question 7

What is the function of glucose- 6- phosphatase?

Accepted Answer

A) catalyze removal of one phosphate group from glucose 
B) catalyze addition of six phosphate groups to glucose 
C) catalyze addition of one phosphate group to glucose 
D) catalyze removal of six phosphate groups from glucose 
E) catalyze the removal of the phosphate group from glucose and add it to ADP to form ATP by substrate- level phosphorylation 
A) catalyze removal of one phosphate group from glucose 
B) catalyze addition of six phosphate groups to glucose 
C) catalyze addition of one phosphate group to glucose 
D) catalyze removal of six phosphate groups from glucose 
E) catalyze the removal of the phosphate group from glucose and add it to ADP to form ATP by substrate- level phosphorylation

Question 8

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: ADP + Pi -ATP + H2O.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis 
B) oxidation 
C) condensation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) reduction 
A) hydrolysis 
B) oxidation 
C) condensation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) reduction

Question 9

The kinetic energy of a molecule can be increased by

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing its mass. 
B) decreasing its velocity. 
C) increasing its mass. 
D) decreasing its temperature. 
E) increasing its temperature. 
A) decreasing its mass. 
B) decreasing its velocity. 
C) increasing its mass. 
D) decreasing its temperature. 
E) increasing its temperature.

Question 10

Beta- oxidation of a 14- chain fatty acid results in how many acetyl CoA molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) 14 
B) 7 
C) 1 
D) 2 
E) 4 
A) 14 
B) 7 
C) 1 
D) 2 
E) 4

Question 11

A substantial amount of ATP is generated from the metabolism of long carbon chains called

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) glycerol. 
C) glucose. 
D) amino acids. 
E) glycogen. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) glycerol. 
C) glucose. 
D) amino acids. 
E) glycogen.

Question 12

ATP is synthesized by substrate- level phosphorylation during which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis only 
B) conversion of pyruvate to lactate only 
C) Krebs cycle only 
D) glycolysis and the Krebs cycle only 
E) glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and during conversion of pyruvate to lactate 
A) glycolysis only 
B) conversion of pyruvate to lactate only 
C) Krebs cycle only 
D) glycolysis and the Krebs cycle only 
E) glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and during conversion of pyruvate to lactate

Question 13

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the following reaction: CO2 + H2O -H2CO3, then H2CO3 dissociates reversibly to form H+ + HCO3-
When tissue becomes more active, carbon dioxide increases due to its production in , causing hydrogen ion concentration to .

Accepted Answer

A) the cytosol : decrease 
B) mitochondria : decrease 
C) the cytosol : increase 
D) mitochondria : increase 
E) both the cytosol and mitochondria : decrease 
A) the cytosol : decrease 
B) mitochondria : decrease 
C) the cytosol : increase 
D) mitochondria : increase 
E) both the cytosol and mitochondria : decrease

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Endergonic reactions never occur. 
B) The change in energy of the reaction is positive. 
C) The reaction proceeds spontaneously. 
D) The only product of the reaction is heat. 
E) The only product of the reaction is water. 
A) Endergonic reactions never occur. 
B) The change in energy of the reaction is positive. 
C) The reaction proceeds spontaneously. 
D) The only product of the reaction is heat. 
E) The only product of the reaction is water.

Question 15

Where within the cell does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate occur?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) rough ER 
D) cytosol 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) nucleus 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) rough ER 
D) cytosol 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is NOT converted to glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate 
B) amino acids 
C) glycerol 
D) fatty acids 
E) lactate 
A) pyruvate 
B) amino acids 
C) glycerol 
D) fatty acids 
E) lactate

Question 17

What is the first component of the electron transport chain that accepts electrons from an FADH2 molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) coenzyme Q 
B) cytochrome b 
C) flavin adenine dinucleotide 
D) cytochrome a3 
E) flavin mononucleotide 
A) coenzyme Q 
B) cytochrome b 
C) flavin adenine dinucleotide 
D) cytochrome a3 
E) flavin mononucleotide

Question 18

ATP stores energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Enzymes act as to increase reaction rate.

Accepted Answer

A) catalysts 
B) products 
C) reactants 
D) intermediates 
E) an energy source 
A) catalysts 
B) products 
C) reactants 
D) intermediates 
E) an energy source

Exam 3: Cell Metabolism

Which of the following statements about end- product inhibition is FALSE?

The energy that is stored within an object for later use is referred to as energy.

Several types of chemical reactions are involved in the process of metabolism. Provide a general description of these reactions: hydrolysis, condensation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, oxidation, and reduction reactions.

When phosphate is added to ADP to form the energy- storing molecule ATP, this is known as and, since water is also produced, this reaction is also considered a reaction.

Glycogen in muscle is used to

Chemical reactions that involve the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids that produce water as a byproduct are called _ _ reactions.

What is the function of glucose- 6- phosphatase?

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: ADP + Pi -ATP + H2O.

The kinetic energy of a molecule can be increased by

Beta- oxidation of a 14- chain fatty acid results in how many acetyl CoA molecules?

A substantial amount of ATP is generated from the metabolism of long carbon chains called

ATP is synthesized by substrate- level phosphorylation during which of the following?

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the following reaction: CO2 + H2O -H2CO3, then H2CO3 dissociates reversibly to form H+ + HCO3- When tissue becomes more active, carbon dioxide increases due to its production in , causing hydrogen ion concentration to .

Which of the following is TRUE of an endergonic reaction?

Where within the cell does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate occur?

Which of the following molecules is NOT converted to glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis?

What is the first component of the electron transport chain that accepts electrons from an FADH2 molecule?

ATP stores energy.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Enzymes act as to increase reaction rate.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the following reaction: CO₂+ H₂O -H₂CO₃, then H₂CO₃dissociates reversibly to form H⁺+ HCO₃^- When tissue becomes more active, carbon dioxide increases due to its production in , causing hydrogen ion concentration to .