Question 1

An energy- releasing reaction is referred to as an _ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic 
B) activation 
C) exchange 
D) equilibrium 
E) exergonic 
A) endergonic 
B) activation 
C) exchange 
D) equilibrium 
E) exergonic

Question 2

Energy- requiring reactions will always proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: Monounsaturated fatty acid + 2H -Saturated fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) reduction 
A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) reduction

Question 4

Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo

Accepted Answer

A) detoxification. 
B) denaturation. 
C) depeptidization. 
D) deamination. 
E) oxidation 
A) detoxification. 
B) denaturation. 
C) depeptidization. 
D) deamination. 
E) oxidation

Question 5

Given the following: A + B "C+ D, how will this reaction be altered if an excess of B is added to the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) It will drive the reaction in the reverse. 
B) The equation will not be altered. 
C) It will simply produce more of the compound B. 
D) It will produce more of the compound D. 
E) It will drive the reaction forward. 
A) It will drive the reaction in the reverse. 
B) The equation will not be altered. 
C) It will simply produce more of the compound B. 
D) It will produce more of the compound D. 
E) It will drive the reaction forward.

Question 6

Acetyl CoA is the initial substrate in what linking step of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) Krebs cycle 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenesis 
D) electron transport chain 
E) glycolysis 
A) Krebs cycle 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenesis 
D) electron transport chain 
E) glycolysis

Question 7

The amine group removed from an amino acid must be converted to before being eliminated from the human body.

Accepted Answer

A) keto acid 
B) ornithine 
C) uric acid 
D) ammonium 
E) urea 
A) keto acid 
B) ornithine 
C) uric acid 
D) ammonium 
E) urea

Question 8

Regulation of an enzyme through reversible binding of a modulator to a regulatory site on an enzyme is specifically called

Accepted Answer

A) the induced- fit model. 
B) pH regulation 
C) allosteric regulation. 
D) the lock- and- key model. 
E) covalent regulation. 
A) the induced- fit model. 
B) pH regulation 
C) allosteric regulation. 
D) the lock- and- key model. 
E) covalent regulation.

Question 9

Refer to Scenario 3.1. The term "carbo loading" refers to eating excess carbohydrates over a period of several days before running long distances. Why is this practice beneficial to long distance runners?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess carbohydrates turn into fat, and fat stores energy. 
B) Carbohydrates are complex chains of amino acids that take a lot of time to breakdown, therefore providing the necessary energy to run the body and muscles for a longer time. 
C) Eating excess carbohydrates is equivalent to excess substrate concentration and slows the metabolic rate, providing more energy for longer time periods (like a long- distance run). 
D) Eating excess carbohydrates allows your body to utilize its proteins better to make your muscles stronger. 
E) Eating excess carbohydrates over a period of time allows the excess carbohydrates to be stored as glycogen in your liver and muscles. During a race, the glycogen is converted to glucose and, therefore, the glucose can be utilized to provide the body with more energy. 
A) Excess carbohydrates turn into fat, and fat stores energy. 
B) Carbohydrates are complex chains of amino acids that take a lot of time to breakdown, therefore providing the necessary energy to run the body and muscles for a longer time. 
C) Eating excess carbohydrates is equivalent to excess substrate concentration and slows the metabolic rate, providing more energy for longer time periods (like a long- distance run). 
D) Eating excess carbohydrates allows your body to utilize its proteins better to make your muscles stronger. 
E) Eating excess carbohydrates over a period of time allows the excess carbohydrates to be stored as glycogen in your liver and muscles. During a race, the glycogen is converted to glucose and, therefore, the glucose can be utilized to provide the body with more energy.

Question 10

Where does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrial inner membrane 
B) lysosomes 
C) cytosol 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) mitochondrial inner membrane 
B) lysosomes 
C) cytosol 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 11

How many ATP are produced for each acetyl coenzyme A completely catabolized in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 3 
E) 12 
A) 2 
B) 6 
C) 10 
D) 3 
E) 12

Question 12

All of the energy released by the oxidation of glucose is converted and stored in the form of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The complete oxidation of glucose releases how many kcal of energy for every mole of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 420 
B) 266 
C) 98 
D) 686 
E) 7 
A) 420 
B) 266 
C) 98 
D) 686 
E) 7

Question 14

The following equation, C6H12O6 + 6 O2 "6 CO2 +H2O + Energy, is the central reaction of energy metabolism. First, describe in general terms what the materials on the left side of the equation represent. How would they be classified in terms of metabolic reactions? Would energy be needed or released in this reaction? How would you classify this type of energy reaction? Next, describe why the arrow in the middle of the equation is pointing in both directions. What circumstances would cause it to move either to the right or to the left? Finally, describe the right side of the equation and what these materials represent. How would they be classified in terms of metabolic reactions? Would energy be needed or released on this side of the equation? What type of energy reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

The materials on the left side of the eq

Question 15

In the presence of a limited oxygen supply, pyruvate is converted to what?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH 
B) lactate 
C) ATP 
D) glucose 
E) acetyl CoA 
A) NADH 
B) lactate 
C) ATP 
D) glucose 
E) acetyl CoA

Question 16

Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

For each FADH2 that supplies electrons to the electron transport system, _ ATP(s)is/are synthesized. For each NADH + H+ that supplies electrons to the electron transport system, ATP(s)is/are synthesized.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 : 3 
B) 3 : 2 
C) 1 : 2 
D) 1 : 1 
E) 2 : 1 
A) 2 : 3 
B) 3 : 2 
C) 1 : 2 
D) 1 : 1 
E) 2 : 1

Question 18

Given the following: A+ B "C + D, how will this reaction be altered if an excess of C is added to the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) It will simply produce more of the compound C. 
B) It will drive the reaction forward. 
C) It will drive the reaction in the reverse. 
D) It will produce more of the compound D. 
E) The equation will not be altered. 
A) It will simply produce more of the compound C. 
B) It will drive the reaction forward. 
C) It will drive the reaction in the reverse. 
D) It will produce more of the compound D. 
E) The equation will not be altered.

Question 19

Addition of a phosphate group to an enzyme to change its activity is an example of covalent regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Where within the cell does the electron transport chain occur?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) mitochondrial matrix 
D) rough ER 
E) cytosol 
A) nucleus 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) mitochondrial matrix 
D) rough ER 
E) cytosol

Exam 3: Cell Metabolism

An energy- releasing reaction is referred to as an _ reaction.

Energy- requiring reactions will always proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: Monounsaturated fatty acid + 2H -Saturated fatty acid.

Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo

Given the following: A + B "C+ D, how will this reaction be altered if an excess of B is added to the reaction?

Acetyl CoA is the initial substrate in what linking step of metabolism?

The amine group removed from an amino acid must be converted to before being eliminated from the human body.

Regulation of an enzyme through reversible binding of a modulator to a regulatory site on an enzyme is specifically called

Refer to Scenario 3.1. The term "carbo loading" refers to eating excess carbohydrates over a period of several days before running long distances. Why is this practice beneficial to long distance runners?

Where does glycolysis occur?

How many ATP are produced for each acetyl coenzyme A completely catabolized in the presence of oxygen?

All of the energy released by the oxidation of glucose is converted and stored in the form of ATP.

The complete oxidation of glucose releases how many kcal of energy for every mole of glucose?

In the presence of a limited oxygen supply, pyruvate is converted to what?

Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix.

For each FADH2 that supplies electrons to the electron transport system, _ ATP(s)is/are synthesized. For each NADH + H+ that supplies electrons to the electron transport system, ATP(s)is/are synthesized.

Given the following: A+ B "C + D, how will this reaction be altered if an excess of C is added to the reaction?

Addition of a phosphate group to an enzyme to change its activity is an example of covalent regulation.

Where within the cell does the electron transport chain occur?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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