Question 1

In terms of energy production, the Krebs cycle is significant because it

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the coenzymes NAD and FAD for oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) provides acetylcoenzyme A for glucose synthesis. 
C) breaks down glucose. 
D) directly produces large amounts of ATP. 
E) produces acetylcoenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis. 
A) reduces the coenzymes NAD and FAD for oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) provides acetylcoenzyme A for glucose synthesis. 
C) breaks down glucose. 
D) directly produces large amounts of ATP. 
E) produces acetylcoenzyme A for fatty acid synthesis.

Question 2

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: Protein + H2O -Amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) reduction 
B) phosphorylation 
C) oxidation 
D) condensation 
E) hydrolysis 
A) reduction 
B) phosphorylation 
C) oxidation 
D) condensation 
E) hydrolysis

Question 3

Carbon dioxide can react with water to produce bicarbonate and hydrogen ions through 2 reversible reactions as follows:
CO2 + H2O "H2CO3 "H+ + HCO3-
Blood flows from arteries into capillaries and then into veins. As the blood moves through the capillaries, carbon dioxide produced by the cells enters the blood. Therefore, venous blood has a higher pH than arterial blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Most of our fat is stored in adipocytes in the form of . This fat can be broken down by a process called _ to and .

Accepted Answer

A) triglycerides : lipolysis : glycerol : 3 fatty acids 
B) triglycerides : glycogenolysis : fatty acids : carbon 
C) glycogen : catabolism : fatty acids : amino acids 
D) triglycerides : gluconeogenesis : glycerol : amino acids 
E) glycogen : anabolism : glycerol : fatty acids 
A) triglycerides : lipolysis : glycerol : 3 fatty acids 
B) triglycerides : glycogenolysis : fatty acids : carbon 
C) glycogen : catabolism : fatty acids : amino acids 
D) triglycerides : gluconeogenesis : glycerol : amino acids 
E) glycogen : anabolism : glycerol : fatty acids

Question 5

Metabolism includes reactions, which release energy and result in the breakdown of large biomolecules, and reactions, which require a net input of energy and result in the synthesis of large biomolecules.

Accepted Answer

A) reduction : oxidation 
B) phosphorylation : dephosphorylation 
C) oxidation : reduction 
D) anabolic : catabolic 
E) catabolic : anabolic 
A) reduction : oxidation 
B) phosphorylation : dephosphorylation 
C) oxidation : reduction 
D) anabolic : catabolic 
E) catabolic : anabolic

Question 6

Most enzymes only catalyze reactions in one direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Molecules must have sufficient potential energy to overcome the and, thereby, allow the reaction to proceed.

Accepted Answer

A) kinetic energy 
B) activation energy barrier 
C) transitional energy barrier 
D) mass action 
E) transformation state 
A) kinetic energy 
B) activation energy barrier 
C) transitional energy barrier 
D) mass action 
E) transformation state

Question 8

Pyruvate is converted to lactate in the cytosol under anaerobic conditions, but it is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix under aerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 
B) a form of gluconeogenesis 
C) the synthesis of membrane carbohydrates 
D) the synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
E) the breakdown of glycoproteins 
A) the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 
B) a form of gluconeogenesis 
C) the synthesis of membrane carbohydrates 
D) the synthesis of glycogen from glucose 
E) the breakdown of glycoproteins

Question 10

What is the major physiological importance of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen must be present in our cells to break down food into energy. 
B) It eventually produces water, which we need to survive. 
C) We need to eliminate CO2 from our system because it is a waste product. 
D) We need to control our core temperature by breathing in oxygen from the environment. 
E) We need oxygen to survive. 
A) Oxygen must be present in our cells to break down food into energy. 
B) It eventually produces water, which we need to survive. 
C) We need to eliminate CO2 from our system because it is a waste product. 
D) We need to control our core temperature by breathing in oxygen from the environment. 
E) We need oxygen to survive.

Question 11

The measure of how many product molecules can be produced by an enzyme per unit of time is referred to as that enzyme's

Accepted Answer

A) cofactor rate. 
B) specificity. 
C) catalytic rate. 
D) coenzyme rate. 
E) affinity. 
A) cofactor rate. 
B) specificity. 
C) catalytic rate. 
D) coenzyme rate. 
E) affinity.

Question 12

A-OH + H-B -A-B + H2O describes what type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis 
B) reduction 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) condensation 
A) hydrolysis 
B) reduction 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) condensation

Question 13

Hydrogen ions activate the enzyme ATP synthase by moving from

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol to inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B) mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space. 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane to cytosol. 
D) cytosol to outer mitochondrial membrane. 
E) intermembrane space to mitochondrial matrix. 
A) cytosol to inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B) mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space. 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane to cytosol. 
D) cytosol to outer mitochondrial membrane. 
E) intermembrane space to mitochondrial matrix.

Question 14

Regulating an enzyme through protein kinase- induced phosphorylation of that enzyme is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) feedback inhibition. 
B) cofactor regulation. 
C) allosteric regulation. 
D) covalent regulation. 
E) the induced- fit model. 
A) feedback inhibition. 
B) cofactor regulation. 
C) allosteric regulation. 
D) covalent regulation. 
E) the induced- fit model.

Question 15

An increase in the concentration of a product will increase the rate of a reaction in the reverse direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Where within the cell does the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) rough ER 
C) nucleus 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) cytosol 
B) rough ER 
C) nucleus 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 17

What are coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) inorganic molecules derived from trace metals that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
B) organic molecules derived from vitamins that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
C) protein complexes that function as enzymes with more than one active site 
D) organic molecules derived from trace metals that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
E) inorganic molecules derived from vitamins that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
A) inorganic molecules derived from trace metals that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
B) organic molecules derived from vitamins that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
C) protein complexes that function as enzymes with more than one active site 
D) organic molecules derived from trace metals that function in the transfer of a chemical group 
E) inorganic molecules derived from vitamins that function in the transfer of a chemical group

Question 18

Making or synthesizing a protein would be considered a(n)reaction and the type of reaction that carries this process out is a _ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic : hydrolysis 
B) catabolic : condensation 
C) anabolic : hydrolysis 
D) anabolic : condensation 
E) catabolic : hydrolysis 
A) metabolic : hydrolysis 
B) catabolic : condensation 
C) anabolic : hydrolysis 
D) anabolic : condensation 
E) catabolic : hydrolysis

Question 19

Chemical reactions that involve the production of a phosphate bond are called reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) dephosphorylation 
B) reduction 
C) condensation 
D) oxidation 
E) phosphorylation 
A) dephosphorylation 
B) reduction 
C) condensation 
D) oxidation 
E) phosphorylation

Question 20

When a reaction occurs and that reaction is moving equally in a forward and reverse direction, that reaction is said to be at

Accepted Answer

A) equal volume. 
B) equal mass. 
C) a resting state. 
D) equal solute. 
E) equilibrium. 
A) equal volume. 
B) equal mass. 
C) a resting state. 
D) equal solute. 
E) equilibrium.

Exam 3: Cell Metabolism

In terms of energy production, the Krebs cycle is significant because it

Identify the following chemical reaction by its type: Protein + H2O -Amino acids.

Most of our fat is stored in adipocytes in the form of . This fat can be broken down by a process called _ to and .

Metabolism includes reactions, which release energy and result in the breakdown of large biomolecules, and reactions, which require a net input of energy and result in the synthesis of large biomolecules.

Most enzymes only catalyze reactions in one direction.

Molecules must have sufficient potential energy to overcome the and, thereby, allow the reaction to proceed.

Pyruvate is converted to lactate in the cytosol under anaerobic conditions, but it is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix under aerobic conditions.

What is glycogenolysis?

What is the major physiological importance of breathing?

The measure of how many product molecules can be produced by an enzyme per unit of time is referred to as that enzyme's

A-OH + H-B -A-B + H2O describes what type of reaction?

Hydrogen ions activate the enzyme ATP synthase by moving from

Regulating an enzyme through protein kinase- induced phosphorylation of that enzyme is an example of

An increase in the concentration of a product will increase the rate of a reaction in the reverse direction.

Where within the cell does the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur?

What are coenzymes?

Making or synthesizing a protein would be considered a(n)reaction and the type of reaction that carries this process out is a _ reaction.

Chemical reactions that involve the production of a phosphate bond are called reactions.

When a reaction occurs and that reaction is moving equally in a forward and reverse direction, that reaction is said to be at

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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