Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Regarding psychologists and the field of psychology, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Which area of specialization in psychology is primarily interested in how individuals remember, reason, and solve problems?

A study at the U.S. Air Force Academy Preparatory School demonstrated that students' performances can be affected by teachers' expectations. These results are best explained by the fact that

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

A learned reaction to a particular stimulus is called a(n)

Santos is interested in how reasoning, memory, and problem solving are related to computer game playing. Santos is most likely a __________ psychologist.

Presently, the American Psychological Association consists of at least how many different divisions, each reflecting special skills or areas of interest?

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that

My cat knows when I am upset and comes and comforts me. In psychology this most likely an example of

Jeremy is a psychologist working with a team of archeologists. By working with this team, he hopes to piece together the changes that have occurred in human parenting since the dawn of time. Jeremy is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

The best known behaviorist who believed that behavior is controlled by rewards and punishments was

The temptation to attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motives to animals, especially as a way to explain their behavior, is called the __________ error.

Which pseudoscience was popularized by Franz Gall in the early 1800s?

A view that combines conditioning and thinking to explain the behavior of both humans and other animals is called __________.

As part of critical thinking, the deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief or scientific theory might be false is called

A formal trial undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the cause of behavior is called a(n)

The implications of the study and proposals for future research would be found in which section of a research report?

In 1868, Phineas Gage, a young foreman on a work crew, had a 13-pound steel rod impaled into the front of his brain by an explosion of dynamite. Amazingly, he survived the accident; and within two months, Gage could walk, talk, and move normally, but the injury forever changed his personality. Dr. Harlow carefully recorded all details of this accidental frontal lobotomy. Dr. Harlow used which research method in documenting Phineas Gage's behavior?

In a positive correlation, decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure.

Critical thinking involves