Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

A psychologist working in which psychological specialty might explore how a person is able to recognize someone's voice over the telephone by interpreting pitch?

One way to randomly assign students to experimental and control groups for a study of academic behaviors is to

An experiment is performed to test the effects of sleep deprivation on rote memory. In this experiment, the dependent variable is the

If you are interested in whether gift recipients prefer gifts that they requested or gifts that were chosen for them, you will learn little by making haphazard observations of gift-giving at family birthday parties. To be of value, your observations must be planned and

Which perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

Psychologists who attempt to explain our current behavior by looking back at human history to learn how natural selection affects us are advocating the __________ view.

You wish to find out if people throw away their trash after they eat inside a fast-food restaurant. Explain which nonexperimental research method would yield the BEST results, how it could be conducted to minimize bias, and why the other nonexperimental methods would not be good choices.

Both the hereditary as well as environmental influences on the development of schizophrenia in the Genain quadruplets were documented over 40 years using which research method?

Inferences, interpretations, and opinions, including the opinions of experts, have no value in science or critical thinking.

A single-blind experiment would most likely be used to minimize the

Responding to a substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, as if it were the real drug is referred to as

The scientific method is NOT based on which of the following?

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group known as the

Dr. Wierner is conducting research to find out whether intelligence or emotion plays the greater role in successful management styles. Dr. Wierner is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

Mahmoud conducts applied research on the design of machinery, computers, airplanes, and automobiles for business, industry, and the military. Mahmoud is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

Dr. Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality. Dr. Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

The tendency for people to give "polite" or socially desirable answers to survey questions is called the __________.

Because it is not always possible to conduct experiments, psychologists gather evidence and test hypotheses by using all of the following nonexperimental methods EXCEPT for the __________ method.

Four developmental psychologists have been conducting separate research into the patterns of language development of deaf children. They meet in Chicago to discuss, summarize, and, hopefully, interrelate their conclusions from their published works and propose future research on this TOPIC (B-HEAD). Within the framework of the scientific method, these psychologists would most likely be

In an experiment, control over extraneous variables, such as the time of day or the temperature of the room, can be obtained by