Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Any physical energy that an organism senses and can evoke a response is called a(n)

Cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

During naturalistic observation, the tendency of an observer to distort observations or perceptions to match his or her expectations is called the

When observers see what they expect to see or record only selected details, they are exhibiting a problem in naturalistic observation known as observer __________.

Which of the following is the best description of the field of psychology?

Which of the following would be considered a neo-Freudian?

Common sense statements tend to be vague and inconsistent, are based on limited casual observations, and work better after the fact.

Teachers in one study were told to watch normal elementary school children who had been randomly labeled for the study as "learning disabled," "intellectually disabled," "emotionally disturbed," or "normal." Sadly, the teachers gave the children very different ratings, depending on the labels used. This illustrates the serious consequences of

Eclectic psychologists are known for

An inactive substance given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who wish to treat a complaint by suggestion is known as a(n)__________.

Which section of a research report provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related TOPIC (B-HEAD)s to the current one being investigated?

Which theorist believed that our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires, especially those concerning sex and aggression?

Through subtle hints, such as the tone of his voice, body language, and by giving encouragement and criticism, Dr. Mansour unintentionally influenced his subjects so that they reacted in ways that were consistent with his experimental hypothesis. This example demonstrates the

In a controlled experiment, the group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the independent variable is called the __________ group.

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When one designs a system of ideas so that concepts and facts are interrelated in such a way that existing data is summarized and future observations can be predicted, then this system of ideas is known as a(n)

A simple experiment has two groups of subjects called the

Dr. Grindel uses objective observation to study how perception and language affect our problem-solving behavior. Dr. Grindel's area of research is most likely __________ psychology.

In Kohlberg's study of moral development, few women were involved in doing the studies, and Kohlberg assumed that theories based on men also applied to women. Thus, Kohlberg's study was an example of gender __________ in research.

As used by Freud to refer to one's mental life, the unconscious refers to