Question 1

Australia and Eurasia each have a mouse-like mammal, one a marsupial, the other a placental. These distantly related species are an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  disjunct dispersal 
B)  disjunct vicariance 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  distant migration 
A)  disjunct dispersal 
B)  disjunct vicariance 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  distant migration D

Question 2

Why is it difficult to find intermediate fossils for organisms that have evolved under the punctuated equilibrium model?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary change in these organisms has been so rapid that relatively few intermediate individuals lived, and so were unlikely to have been fossilized.

Question 3

The radioactive decay of carbon-14 can be used to determine ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  relative dating 
B)  absolute dating 
C)  mutation rates 
D)  plate tectonics 
E)  extinction rates 
A)  relative dating 
B)  absolute dating 
C)  mutation rates 
D)  plate tectonics 
E)  extinction rates B

Question 4

Fossils are predominantly found in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphic rocks 
B)  igneous rocks 
C)  sedimentary rocks 
D)  crystalline rocks 
E)  radioactive rocks 
A)  metamorphic rocks 
B)  igneous rocks 
C)  sedimentary rocks 
D)  crystalline rocks 
E)  radioactive rocks

Question 5

Genes in the Hox family of homeobox genes control the body plans of animals along the ____ axis, including where ____ will develop on the animal's body.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsal-ventral; appendages 
B)  dorsal-ventral; light-sensing organs 
C)  internal-external; internal organs 
D)  anterior-posterior; appendages 
E)  anterior-posterior; light-sensing organs 
A)  dorsal-ventral; appendages 
B)  dorsal-ventral; light-sensing organs 
C)  internal-external; internal organs 
D)  anterior-posterior; appendages 
E)  anterior-posterior; light-sensing organs

Question 6

An exaptation is described as a trait that evolves in anticipation of future evolutionary needs or benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

On a regional level, coastal areas generally experience ____ fluctuations in temperature compared to interior regions of land masses.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller daily but larger seasonal 
B)  larger daily but smaller seasonal 
C)  only larger daily 
D)  smaller daily and seasonal 
E)  larger daily and seasonal 
A)  smaller daily but larger seasonal 
B)  larger daily but smaller seasonal 
C)  only larger daily 
D)  smaller daily and seasonal 
E)  larger daily and seasonal

Question 8

How does today's climate compare to most of the Earth's history? What does this indicate about how human activities can affect climate?

Accepted Answer

The Earth is currently in a relatively c

Question 9

During the Cretaceous period, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals diversified and flourished 
B)  life appeared on this planet 
C)  the first animals with shells and skeletons appeared 
D)  the dinosaurs reached their peak and then most species became extinct 
E)  the first human-like apes appeared 
A)  mammals diversified and flourished 
B)  life appeared on this planet 
C)  the first animals with shells and skeletons appeared 
D)  the dinosaurs reached their peak and then most species became extinct 
E)  the first human-like apes appeared

Question 10

In which period was a mass extinction event least likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Permian 
B)  Neogene 
C)  Cretaceous 
D)  Ordovician 
E)  Devonian 
A)  Permian 
B)  Neogene 
C)  Cretaceous 
D)  Ordovician 
E)  Devonian

Question 11

Scientists hypothesize that the massive Permian extinction was triggered by an asteroid impact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The time interval used to measure the absolute age of rocks by radiometric dating is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  radioisotope unit 
B)  radiometric unit 
C)  radiometric life 
D)  radioisotope life 
E)  half-life 
A)  radioisotope unit 
B)  radiometric unit 
C)  radiometric life 
D)  radioisotope life 
E)  half-life

Question 13

The 14 species of finches native to the Galápagos Islands ____, and therefore illustrate adaptive radiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  diverged following a mass extinction event 
B)  evolved from a single common ancestor 
C)  migrated independently from South America 
D)  represent a convergent evolutionary process 
E)  evolved from numerous distant ancestors 
A)  diverged following a mass extinction event 
B)  evolved from a single common ancestor 
C)  migrated independently from South America 
D)  represent a convergent evolutionary process 
E)  evolved from numerous distant ancestors

Question 14

Why would migration to an island by a single pair of birds be likely to lead to adaptive radiation in their descendants?

Accepted Answer

Islands are often poor in spec

Question 15

What percentage of the species that have ever existed on Earth are probably now extinct?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 10% 
B)  more than 99.9% 
C)  about 80% 
D)  about 25% 
E)  about 75% 
A)  less than 10% 
B)  more than 99.9% 
C)  about 80% 
D)  about 25% 
E)  about 75%

Question 16

The apparent lack of intermediate forms in the fossil record can be explained by the ____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive selection 
B)  fossil decay 
C)  punctuated equilibrium 
D)  genetic drift 
E)  allopatric speciation 
A)  disruptive selection 
B)  fossil decay 
C)  punctuated equilibrium 
D)  genetic drift 
E)  allopatric speciation

Question 17

The marsupial mammals of Australia and the placental mammals of North America include many pairs of morphologically convergent species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: ginkgos
ferns
cycads
conifers
angiosperms

Accepted Answer

The Answer of E and G and F and A is...

Question 19

A paleontologist estimates that when a particular rock formed, it contained 12 mg of the radioactive isotope potassium-40, which has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. The rock now contains 3 mg of the isotope. About how old is the rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 billion years 
B)  5.0 billion years 
C)  1.25 billion years 
D)  0.3 billion years 
E)  0.4 billion years 
A)  2.5 billion years 
B)  5.0 billion years 
C)  1.25 billion years 
D)  0.3 billion years 
E)  0.4 billion years

Question 20

Scientists hypothesize that the massive Permian extinction was triggered by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  asteroid impacts that caused atmospheric dust clouds 
B)  a series of ongoing volcanic eruptions 
C)  degradation of the environment by humans 
D)  rising sea levels that covered most landmasses 
E)  extreme global cooling that made Earth uninhabitable 
A)  asteroid impacts that caused atmospheric dust clouds 
B)  a series of ongoing volcanic eruptions 
C)  degradation of the environment by humans 
D)  rising sea levels that covered most landmasses 
E)  extreme global cooling that made Earth uninhabitable

Exam 23: Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Australia and Eurasia each have a mouse-like mammal, one a marsupial, the other a placental. These distantly related species are an example of ____.

Why is it difficult to find intermediate fossils for organisms that have evolved under the punctuated equilibrium model?

The radioactive decay of carbon-14 can be used to determine ____.

Fossils are predominantly found in ____.

Genes in the Hox family of homeobox genes control the body plans of animals along the ____ axis, including where ____ will develop on the animal's body.

An exaptation is described as a trait that evolves in anticipation of future evolutionary needs or benefits.

On a regional level, coastal areas generally experience ____ fluctuations in temperature compared to interior regions of land masses.

How does today's climate compare to most of the Earth's history? What does this indicate about how human activities can affect climate?

During the Cretaceous period, ____.

In which period was a mass extinction event least likely?

Scientists hypothesize that the massive Permian extinction was triggered by an asteroid impact.

The time interval used to measure the absolute age of rocks by radiometric dating is called the ____.

The 14 species of finches native to the Galápagos Islands ____, and therefore illustrate adaptive radiation.

Why would migration to an island by a single pair of birds be likely to lead to adaptive radiation in their descendants?

What percentage of the species that have ever existed on Earth are probably now extinct?

The apparent lack of intermediate forms in the fossil record can be explained by the ____ hypothesis.

The marsupial mammals of Australia and the placental mammals of North America include many pairs of morphologically convergent species.

A paleontologist estimates that when a particular rock formed, it contained 12 mg of the radioactive isotope potassium-40, which has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. The rock now contains 3 mg of the isotope. About how old is the rock?

Scientists hypothesize that the massive Permian extinction was triggered by ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Genes in the Hox family of homeobox genes control the body plans of animals along the axis, including where will develop on the animal's body.