Question 1

The function of the iris is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  control the amount of light entering the eye 
B)  focus the image on the retina 
C)  respond to particular colors 
D)  keep the lens under tension to allow for image focusing 
E)  prevent light scattering upon entry to the eye 
A)  control the amount of light entering the eye 
B)  focus the image on the retina 
C)  respond to particular colors 
D)  keep the lens under tension to allow for image focusing 
E)  prevent light scattering upon entry to the eye A

Question 2

Which type of receptor is used by a rat to detect pheromones from a potential mate?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors 
B)  photoreceptors 
C)  chemoreceptors 
D)  thermoreceptors 
E)  nociceptors 
A)  mechanoreceptors 
B)  photoreceptors 
C)  chemoreceptors 
D)  thermoreceptors 
E)  nociceptors C

Question 3

How did Kenneth Lohmann study the navigation ability of young loggerhead sea turtles?

Accepted Answer

A)  He placed radio transmitters on the shells of numerous hatchlings and tracked their migration patterns in the Atlantic ocean. 
B)  He genetically engineered turtles so they lacked magnetoreceptors and then studied their behavior compared to a control group. 
C)  He subjected turtles to an electromagnetic field opposite that of Earth's magnetic field, and then tracked the direction the hatchlings swam. 
D)  The loggerhead turtles were injected with magnetite to see what impact it had on their navigation. 
E)  Small magnets were glued to the hatchlings' shells, and their behaviors were monitored. 
A)  He placed radio transmitters on the shells of numerous hatchlings and tracked their migration patterns in the Atlantic ocean. 
B)  He genetically engineered turtles so they lacked magnetoreceptors and then studied their behavior compared to a control group. 
C)  He subjected turtles to an electromagnetic field opposite that of Earth's magnetic field, and then tracked the direction the hatchlings swam. 
D)  The loggerhead turtles were injected with magnetite to see what impact it had on their navigation. 
E)  Small magnets were glued to the hatchlings' shells, and their behaviors were monitored. C

Question 4

What is the function of an amacrine cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit information from photoreceptors directly to the brain 
B)  modulate the activity of other photoreceptors 
C)  transmit information from bipolar cells to the ganglion cells 
D)  modulate lateral inhibition 
E)  transmit information from photoreceptors to bipolar cells 
A)  transmit information from photoreceptors directly to the brain 
B)  modulate the activity of other photoreceptors 
C)  transmit information from bipolar cells to the ganglion cells 
D)  modulate lateral inhibition 
E)  transmit information from photoreceptors to bipolar cells

Question 5

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. If you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin, what would be the predicted outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
B)  You would be able to eat foods containing high concentrations of capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
C)  You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
D)  You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin. 
E)  You would be more easily addicted to capsaicin-containing foods than normal individuals. 
A)  You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
B)  You would be able to eat foods containing high concentrations of capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
C)  You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
D)  You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin. 
E)  You would be more easily addicted to capsaicin-containing foods than normal individuals.

Question 6

An invertebrate statocyst contains ____, which surround movable ____; changes in body position move the latter, triggering action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A)  statoliths; sensory hair cells 
B)  sensory hair cells; statoliths 
C)  otoliths; sensory hair cells 
D)  efferent neurons; otoliths 
E)  efferent neurons; statoliths 
A)  statoliths; sensory hair cells 
B)  sensory hair cells; statoliths 
C)  otoliths; sensory hair cells 
D)  efferent neurons; otoliths 
E)  efferent neurons; statoliths

Question 7

Thermoreceptors consist of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory receptors enclosing an afferent neuron 
B)  sensory receptors formed by a cell that synapses with an afferent neuron 
C)  free nerve endings of afferent neurons 
D)  stereocilia 
E)  statocysts 
A)  sensory receptors enclosing an afferent neuron 
B)  sensory receptors formed by a cell that synapses with an afferent neuron 
C)  free nerve endings of afferent neurons 
D)  stereocilia 
E)  statocysts

Question 8

In the process of lateral inhibition, ____ inhibit distant bipolar cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglion cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  cones 
D)  rods 
E)  horizontal cells 
A)  ganglion cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  cones 
D)  rods 
E)  horizontal cells

Question 9

Synesthesia occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one sense is confused with another 
B)  two senses are perceived together 
C)  three senses are perceived together 
D)  sight, taste, and vision are perceived together 
E)  vision, taste, and pain are perceived together 
A)  one sense is confused with another 
B)  two senses are perceived together 
C)  three senses are perceived together 
D)  sight, taste, and vision are perceived together 
E)  vision, taste, and pain are perceived together

Question 10

Bats use high ultrasonic sounds to perceive their environment via a process known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sound reflection navigation 
B)  extrasensory perception 
C)  echolocation 
D)  ultralocation 
E)  auditory navigation 
A)  sound reflection navigation 
B)  extrasensory perception 
C)  echolocation 
D)  ultralocation 
E)  auditory navigation

Question 11

Many aquatic invertebrates use ____ to perceive changes in their body's position and orientation.

Accepted Answer

A)  statocysts 
B)  lateral line systems 
C)  stereocilia 
D)  saccules 
E)  otoliths 
A)  statocysts 
B)  lateral line systems 
C)  stereocilia 
D)  saccules 
E)  otoliths

Question 12

Colorblindness is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  more prevalent in females than males 
B)  more prevalent in males than females 
C)  present in both sexes equally 
D)  encoded by genes on the Y chromosome 
E)  not a genetic condition 
A)  more prevalent in females than males 
B)  more prevalent in males than females 
C)  present in both sexes equally 
D)  encoded by genes on the Y chromosome 
E)  not a genetic condition

Question 13

In humans, where is the tympanic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the outer ear, adjacent to the pinna 
B)  deep within the middle ear 
C)  between the outer ear and the middle ear's cavity 
D)  adjacent to the stapes 
E)  between the middle ear and inner ear 
A)  in the outer ear, adjacent to the pinna 
B)  deep within the middle ear 
C)  between the outer ear and the middle ear's cavity 
D)  adjacent to the stapes 
E)  between the middle ear and inner ear

Question 14

Some animals, like humans, have two eyes on the front of the head that perceive a mostly overlapping visual field. In contrast, some herbivores (rabbits, for example) have eyes on the sides of their head and visual fields that may not overlap at all. How does this impact perception of the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans have better depth perception and a wider field of vision than rabbits. 
B)  Humans have poorer depth perception and a narrower field of vision than rabbits. 
C)  Humans have better depth perception and a narrower field of vision than rabbits. 
D)  Humans have poorer depth perception and a wider field of vision than rabbits. 
E)  Due to integration by the brain, there is really no difference in depth perception or visual field size when comparing humans to rabbits. 
A)  Humans have better depth perception and a wider field of vision than rabbits. 
B)  Humans have poorer depth perception and a narrower field of vision than rabbits. 
C)  Humans have better depth perception and a narrower field of vision than rabbits. 
D)  Humans have poorer depth perception and a wider field of vision than rabbits. 
E)  Due to integration by the brain, there is really no difference in depth perception or visual field size when comparing humans to rabbits.

Question 15

One way the intensity and extent of a stimulus is registered is by the frequency of action potentials traveling along the axons of afferent neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sensory adaptation ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases a receptor system's sensitivity to changes in environmental stimuli 
B)  increases a receptor system's sensitivity to pain 
C)  is primarily associated with thermoreceptors 
D)  functions the same way in all types of sensory receptors 
E)  is unique to predator animals 
A)  increases a receptor system's sensitivity to changes in environmental stimuli 
B)  increases a receptor system's sensitivity to pain 
C)  is primarily associated with thermoreceptors 
D)  functions the same way in all types of sensory receptors 
E)  is unique to predator animals

Question 17

How can humans perceive multiple sounds at once?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each portion of the basilar membrane vibrates at a unique frequency, and multiple regions can be stimulated at the same time. 
B)  The more frequencies of sounds that are present, the further the sound travels into the cochlea. 
C)  We have two ears, each perceiving a subset of frequencies in the environment. 
D)  The fluid in the middle ear can transmit multiple frequencies to the oval window. 
E)  Sounds reaching the left or right ear result in different nerve impulses. 
A)  Each portion of the basilar membrane vibrates at a unique frequency, and multiple regions can be stimulated at the same time. 
B)  The more frequencies of sounds that are present, the further the sound travels into the cochlea. 
C)  We have two ears, each perceiving a subset of frequencies in the environment. 
D)  The fluid in the middle ear can transmit multiple frequencies to the oval window. 
E)  Sounds reaching the left or right ear result in different nerve impulses.

Question 18

Cataracts occur when the lens becomes opaque.  Which symptoms most likely would be present in a patient with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased intraocular pressure 
B)  enlarged pupil 
C)  eye pain 
D)  blurred vision 
E)  headache 
A)  increased intraocular pressure 
B)  enlarged pupil 
C)  eye pain 
D)  blurred vision 
E)  headache

Question 19

The loss of function of the ____ renders fish unable to school.

Accepted Answer

A)  vestibular apparatus 
B)  statocyst 
C)  lateral line 
D)  eyes 
E)  saccule 
A)  vestibular apparatus 
B)  statocyst 
C)  lateral line 
D)  eyes 
E)  saccule

Question 20

The ____ responds to red light.

Accepted Answer

A)  outer segment of rods 
B)  outer segment of red cones 
C)  inner segment of rods 
D)  inner segment of red cones 
E)  synaptic terminals of both rods and cones 
A)  outer segment of rods 
B)  outer segment of red cones 
C)  inner segment of rods 
D)  inner segment of red cones 
E)  synaptic terminals of both rods and cones

Exam 41: Sensory Systems

The function of the iris is to ____.

Which type of receptor is used by a rat to detect pheromones from a potential mate?

How did Kenneth Lohmann study the navigation ability of young loggerhead sea turtles?

What is the function of an amacrine cell?

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. If you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin, what would be the predicted outcome?

An invertebrate statocyst contains ____, which surround movable ____; changes in body position move the latter, triggering action potentials.

Thermoreceptors consist of ____.

In the process of lateral inhibition, ____ inhibit distant bipolar cells.

Synesthesia occurs when ____.

Bats use high ultrasonic sounds to perceive their environment via a process known as ____.

Many aquatic invertebrates use ____ to perceive changes in their body's position and orientation.

Colorblindness is ____.

In humans, where is the tympanic membrane?

One way the intensity and extent of a stimulus is registered is by the frequency of action potentials traveling along the axons of afferent neurons.

Sensory adaptation ____.

How can humans perceive multiple sounds at once?

Cataracts occur when the lens becomes opaque. Which symptoms most likely would be present in a patient with this condition?

The loss of function of the ____ renders fish unable to school.

The ____ responds to red light.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

An invertebrate statocyst contains , which surround movable ; changes in body position move the latter, triggering action potentials.