Question 1

A non-native species accidentally introduced into Lake Erie, ____ inadvertently helped restore the polluted lake by eating phytoplankton.

Accepted Answer

A)  mayflies 
B)  oligochaete worms 
C)  phytoplankton 
D)  salmon 
E)  zebra mussels 
A)  mayflies 
B)  oligochaete worms 
C)  phytoplankton 
D)  salmon 
E)  zebra mussels E

Question 2

Geological processes in the nutrient cycle operate ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly 
B)  slowly 
C)  on living material 
D)  only on organic matter 
E)  on solar energy 
A)  quickly 
B)  slowly 
C)  on living material 
D)  only on organic matter 
E)  on solar energy B

Question 3

Which ecosystem covers a large percentage of Earth's surface and, despite having low productivity, contributes a high percentage of total net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  open ocean 
B)  extreme desert, rock, sand, ice 
C)  desert and thornwoods 
D)  tropical deciduous forest 
E)  temperate rainforest 
A)  open ocean 
B)  extreme desert, rock, sand, ice 
C)  desert and thornwoods 
D)  tropical deciduous forest 
E)  temperate rainforest A

Question 4

Which factors besides sunlight influence the rate of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature and total number of organisms 
B)  photosynthesis and availability of nutrients 
C)  temperature and availability of water 
D)  photosynthesis and availability of water 
E)  temperature and photosynthesis 
A)  temperature and total number of organisms 
B)  photosynthesis and availability of nutrients 
C)  temperature and availability of water 
D)  photosynthesis and availability of water 
E)  temperature and photosynthesis

Question 5

The standing crop biomass is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of sunlight absorbed by the plants 
B)  amount of water accumulated per acre of crop plants 
C)  total dry weight of plants at a given time 
D)  number of plant species present 
E)  productivity of the plants 
A)  amount of sunlight absorbed by the plants 
B)  amount of water accumulated per acre of crop plants 
C)  total dry weight of plants at a given time 
D)  number of plant species present 
E)  productivity of the plants

Question 6

What have you learned in the chapter about how humans can minimize their effects on food webs and nutrient cycles?

Accepted Answer

We have learned that human activities di

Question 7

In the hydrologic cycle, water moves from the land to the air by ____ and returns to the land via ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation; evaporation and transpiration 
B)  precipitation and evaporation; transpiration 
C)  precipitation and transpiration; evaporation 
D)  transpiration; precipitation and evaporation 
E)  transpiration and evaporation; precipitation 
A)  precipitation; evaporation and transpiration 
B)  precipitation and evaporation; transpiration 
C)  precipitation and transpiration; evaporation 
D)  transpiration; precipitation and evaporation 
E)  transpiration and evaporation; precipitation

Question 8

Geographically, where is net primary productivity the highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  at the north pole 
B)  at the south pole 
C)  between 30oand 60o 
D)  in the Northern hemisphere 
E)  at the equator 
A)  at the north pole 
B)  at the south pole 
C)  between 30oand 60o 
D)  in the Northern hemisphere 
E)  at the equator

Question 9

In the second half of the twentieth century, human activities have more than tripled the amount of nitrogen released from land into the atmosphere or aquatic systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which factor is least useful for making predictions about how urbanization and climate change will affect the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the architecture of the canopy of trees overhead 
B)  leaf positioning 
C)  leaf losses 
D)  timing of natural events 
E)  extent of agricultural practices 
A)  the architecture of the canopy of trees overhead 
B)  leaf positioning 
C)  leaf losses 
D)  timing of natural events 
E)  extent of agricultural practices

Question 11

One disadvantage of a simulation model of an ecosystem is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not take into effect interactions between organisms 
B)  does not take into effect nutrient availability 
C)  does not take into effect water availability 
D)  may not be accurate 
E)  may predict disastrous consequences 
A)  does not take into effect interactions between organisms 
B)  does not take into effect nutrient availability 
C)  does not take into effect water availability 
D)  may not be accurate 
E)  may predict disastrous consequences

Question 12

How much solar energy is ultimately converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 1% 
B)  1-2% 
C)  5% 
D)  10% 
E)  20% 
A)  less than 1% 
B)  1-2% 
C)  5% 
D)  10% 
E)  20%

Question 13

Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy 
B)  matter 
C)  oxygen 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  ecosystems 
A)  energy 
B)  matter 
C)  oxygen 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  ecosystems

Question 14

How is the net primary productivity of an ecosystem calculated?

Accepted Answer

The energy used for cellular r

Question 15

The Hubbard Brook Watershed Project illustrated that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deforestation increases nutrients in nearby aquatic ecosystems 
B)  deforestation can result in polluted streams 
C)  deforestation results in calcium retention in soil 
D)  primary consumers are the most important part of that energy pyramid 
E)  trees absorb too much water and are not useful in a watershed area 
A)  deforestation increases nutrients in nearby aquatic ecosystems 
B)  deforestation can result in polluted streams 
C)  deforestation results in calcium retention in soil 
D)  primary consumers are the most important part of that energy pyramid 
E)  trees absorb too much water and are not useful in a watershed area

Question 16

Most biomass in trees is found in leaves, which do undergo photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Anthropogenic events ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  refer to the carbon cycle 
B)  refer to all nutrient cycles 
C)  originate with human activities 
D)  refer to absorption of the sun's energy in the atmosphere 
E)  are caused by human overpopulation 
A)  refer to the carbon cycle 
B)  refer to all nutrient cycles 
C)  originate with human activities 
D)  refer to absorption of the sun's energy in the atmosphere 
E)  are caused by human overpopulation

Question 18

Why should humans consider eating "lower on the food chain"?

Accepted Answer

A)  We digest and assimilate plant material more efficiently than meat. 
B)  We digest and assimilate meat more efficiently than plant material. 
C)  Many regions exist that support vegetation suitable only for feeding large herbivores. 
D)  Energy efficiency is greater when passed through fewer trophic levels. 
E)  No biological reaction is 100% efficient. 
A)  We digest and assimilate plant material more efficiently than meat. 
B)  We digest and assimilate meat more efficiently than plant material. 
C)  Many regions exist that support vegetation suitable only for feeding large herbivores. 
D)  Energy efficiency is greater when passed through fewer trophic levels. 
E)  No biological reaction is 100% efficient.

Question 19

The Amazon rainforest's declining ability to withdraw CO2from the atmosphere has not been attributed to increased ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  logging 
B)  farming 
C)  tree mortality rates 
D)  logging bans 
E)  fires 
A)  logging 
B)  farming 
C)  tree mortality rates 
D)  logging bans 
E)  fires

Question 20

Which process is performed by bacteria in mutualistic relationships with legumes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonification 
B)  biological magnification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrification 
E)  nitrogen fixation 
A)  ammonification 
B)  biological magnification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrification 
E)  nitrogen fixation

Exam 54: Ecosystems

A non-native species accidentally introduced into Lake Erie, ____ inadvertently helped restore the polluted lake by eating phytoplankton.

Geological processes in the nutrient cycle operate ____.

Which ecosystem covers a large percentage of Earth's surface and, despite having low productivity, contributes a high percentage of total net primary productivity?

Which factors besides sunlight influence the rate of primary productivity?

The standing crop biomass is the ____.

What have you learned in the chapter about how humans can minimize their effects on food webs and nutrient cycles?

In the hydrologic cycle, water moves from the land to the air by ____ and returns to the land via ____.

Geographically, where is net primary productivity the highest?

In the second half of the twentieth century, human activities have more than tripled the amount of nitrogen released from land into the atmosphere or aquatic systems.

Which factor is least useful for making predictions about how urbanization and climate change will affect the carbon cycle?

One disadvantage of a simulation model of an ecosystem is that it ____.

How much solar energy is ultimately converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis?

Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to ____.

How is the net primary productivity of an ecosystem calculated?

The Hubbard Brook Watershed Project illustrated that ____.

Most biomass in trees is found in leaves, which do undergo photosynthesis.

Anthropogenic events ____.

Why should humans consider eating "lower on the food chain"?

The Amazon rainforest's declining ability to withdraw CO2from the atmosphere has not been attributed to increased ____.

Which process is performed by bacteria in mutualistic relationships with legumes?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

In the hydrologic cycle, water moves from the land to the air by and returns to the land via .

The Amazon rainforest's declining ability to withdraw CO₂from the atmosphere has not been attributed to increased ____.