Question 1

Define and explain the importance of the blood-brain barrier.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is a structural system of tight cellular junctions. Many substances are prevented from passing from the blood to the neurons because of these cellular junctions. This provides protection from microorganisms and toxins.

Question 2

In invertebrates, such as flatworms, groups of neurons called ____ perform common functions.

Accepted Answer

A)  nerve cords 
B)  ganglia 
C)  brains 
D)  nerve nets 
E)  nerves 
A)  nerve cords 
B)  ganglia 
C)  brains 
D)  nerve nets 
E)  nerves B

Question 3

The portion of the nervous system that is responsible for both increasing heart rate and increasing movement of the intestines is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral nervous system 
B)  sympathetic nervous system 
C)  parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  somatic nervous system 
E)  interaction between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems 
A)  peripheral nervous system 
B)  sympathetic nervous system 
C)  parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  somatic nervous system 
E)  interaction between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems B

Question 4

In vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain and spinal cord 
B)  brain and gray matter 
C)  spinal cord and gray matter 
D)  brain and reflexes 
E)  spinal cord and nerves 
A)  brain and spinal cord 
B)  brain and gray matter 
C)  spinal cord and gray matter 
D)  brain and reflexes 
E)  spinal cord and nerves

Question 5

Which phenomenon describes the unequal distribution of functions between the right and left hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  unihemispherization 
B)  bifunctionality 
C)  lateralization 
D)  functional segregation 
E)  functional localization 
A)  unihemispherization 
B)  bifunctionality 
C)  lateralization 
D)  functional segregation 
E)  functional localization

Question 6

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Identify the developmental brain region that gives rise to the shaded region in this image.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindbrain 
B)  midbrain 
C)  telencephalon 
D)  medulla 
E)  forebrain 
A)  hindbrain 
B)  midbrain 
C)  telencephalon 
D)  medulla 
E)  forebrain

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: midbrain
thalamus
cerebellum
spinal cord
hypothalamus
pons
medulla oblongata
hemisphere of cerebrum

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Spinal Cord and Pons and Hemisphere of is...

Question 8

Where are the cell bodies of most motor neurons located?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the ganglia alongside the spinal cord 
B)  in the spinal cord 
C)  in the brain 
D)  in the brain stem 
E)  in the cerebellum 
A)  in the ganglia alongside the spinal cord 
B)  in the spinal cord 
C)  in the brain 
D)  in the brain stem 
E)  in the cerebellum

Question 9

Similarities at the neural circuit level between humans and ____ are easy to detect and therefore are used in evolutionary studies examining the requirements for neural circuits.

Accepted Answer

A)  rodents 
B)  invertebrates 
C)  fruit flies 
D)  sea hares 
E)  bees 
A)  rodents 
B)  invertebrates 
C)  fruit flies 
D)  sea hares 
E)  bees

Question 10

Regine Verma and colleagues wanted to know if there was a sex difference in the human connectome. Which age group(s) had a detectable a sex difference using DTI?

Accepted Answer

A)  8-13.3 years 
B)  13.4-17 years 
C)  17.1-22 years 
D)  both 13.4-17 and 17.1-22 years 
E)  all ages examined 
A)  8-13.3 years 
B)  13.4-17 years 
C)  17.1-22 years 
D)  both 13.4-17 and 17.1-22 years 
E)  all ages examined

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: enteric nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
somatic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The Answer of carries nervous activity from the brain and is...

Question 12

Define long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation is a series of ev

Question 13

When you encounter a bear while hiking, which part of your nervous system triggers an increase in your heart rate and breathing to help you run away?

Accepted Answer

A)  the central nervous system 
B)  the sympathetic nervous system 
C)  the parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  somatic nervous system 
E)  cranial nerves 
A)  the central nervous system 
B)  the sympathetic nervous system 
C)  the parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  somatic nervous system 
E)  cranial nerves

Question 14

The limbic system is involved in sleep-wake cycles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Areas of the body such as the lips or fingers are represented by ____ regions of the somatosensory cortex; the arms and legs are represented by relatively _____ regions of the somatosensory cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  large; small 
B)  small; large 
C)  motor; sensory 
D)  sensory; motor 
E)  cerebellum; brain stem 
A)  large; small 
B)  small; large 
C)  motor; sensory 
D)  sensory; motor 
E)  cerebellum; brain stem

Question 16

To form the blood-brain barrier, capillary epithelial cells are sealed together by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fibronectin 
B)  collagen 
C)  gray matter 
D)  myelin 
E)  tight junctions 
A)  fibronectin 
B)  collagen 
C)  gray matter 
D)  myelin 
E)  tight junctions

Question 17

Alpha waves are associated with wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In an experiment, the development of the parietal lobe of a rat was inhibited. Predict the most likely consequence of this procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat was not able to make noises. 
B)  The rat was unable to move. 
C)  The rat was unable to detect touch. 
D)  The rat was not able to process visual input. 
E)  The rat could not right itself. 
A)  The rat was not able to make noises. 
B)  The rat was unable to move. 
C)  The rat was unable to detect touch. 
D)  The rat was not able to process visual input. 
E)  The rat could not right itself.

Question 19

Which animal has the least advanced nerve cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  chordate 
B)  arthropod 
C)  flatworm 
D)  human 
E)  octopus 
A)  chordate 
B)  arthropod 
C)  flatworm 
D)  human 
E)  octopus

Question 20

Explain why you move your hand from hot stimuli before you register pain.

Accepted Answer

In a reflex, the afferent neuron carries

Exam 40: Nervous Systems

Define and explain the importance of the blood-brain barrier.

In invertebrates, such as flatworms, groups of neurons called ____ perform common functions.

The portion of the nervous system that is responsible for both increasing heart rate and increasing movement of the intestines is the ____.

In vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the ____.

Which phenomenon describes the unequal distribution of functions between the right and left hemisphere?

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Identify the developmental brain region that gives rise to the shaded region in this image.

Where are the cell bodies of most motor neurons located?

Similarities at the neural circuit level between humans and ____ are easy to detect and therefore are used in evolutionary studies examining the requirements for neural circuits.

Regine Verma and colleagues wanted to know if there was a sex difference in the human connectome. Which age group(s) had a detectable a sex difference using DTI?

Define long-term potentiation.

When you encounter a bear while hiking, which part of your nervous system triggers an increase in your heart rate and breathing to help you run away?

The limbic system is involved in sleep-wake cycles.

Areas of the body such as the lips or fingers are represented by ____ regions of the somatosensory cortex; the arms and legs are represented by relatively _____ regions of the somatosensory cortex.

To form the blood-brain barrier, capillary epithelial cells are sealed together by ____.

Alpha waves are associated with wakefulness.

In an experiment, the development of the parietal lobe of a rat was inhibited. Predict the most likely consequence of this procedure.

Which animal has the least advanced nerve cord?

Explain why you move your hand from hot stimuli before you register pain.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Areas of the body such as the lips or fingers are represented by regions of the somatosensory cortex; the arms and legs are represented by relatively _ regions of the somatosensory cortex.