Question 1

An antibody molecule consists of ____ polypeptide chain(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  four light 
B)  four heavy 
C)  two light and two heavy 
D)  three light and one heavy 
E)  one light and three heavy 
A)  four light 
B)  four heavy 
C)  two light and two heavy 
D)  three light and one heavy 
E)  one light and three heavy C

Question 2

How is antibody-mediated immunity different from cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires lymphocytes; cell-mediated immunity does not. 
B)  Antibody-mediated immunity is innate; cell-mediated immunity is adaptive. 
C)  Antibody-mediated immunity is adaptive; cell-mediated immunity is innate. 
D)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires both B and T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires T cells but not B cells. 
E)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires B cells. 
A)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires lymphocytes; cell-mediated immunity does not. 
B)  Antibody-mediated immunity is innate; cell-mediated immunity is adaptive. 
C)  Antibody-mediated immunity is adaptive; cell-mediated immunity is innate. 
D)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires both B and T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires T cells but not B cells. 
E)  Antibody-mediated immunity requires T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires B cells. D

Question 3

Which autoimmune disease is correctly matched with the tissue it affects?

Accepted Answer

A)  lupus - blood 
B)  rheumatoid arthritis - lymphatics 
C)  multiple sclerosis - joints 
D)  lupus - nerves 
E)  multiple sclerosis - pancreas 
A)  lupus - blood 
B)  rheumatoid arthritis - lymphatics 
C)  multiple sclerosis - joints 
D)  lupus - nerves 
E)  multiple sclerosis - pancreas A

Question 4

Vaccinations introduce ____ into the body to stimulate the immune system and produce immunological memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  antigens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  B cells 
E)  dendritic cells 
A)  T cells 
B)  antigens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  B cells 
E)  dendritic cells

Question 5

T cells are produced in the bone marrow but mature in the thyroid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called humoral immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Arrange the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order. 1. Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
2) Helper T cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex. 
3) Contact with antigen.
4) Clones of B cells produced.
5) Fragmentation of antigen.

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
B)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
C)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
D)  4, 3, 2, 1, 5 
E)  5, 3, 4, 2, 1 
A)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
B)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
C)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
D)  4, 3, 2, 1, 5 
E)  5, 3, 4, 2, 1

Question 8

The gut microbiome influences host immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the respiratory tract, ciliated cells constantly sweep mucus that contains trapped foreign matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Figure 45.1
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. If an antibody serves as a B-cell receptor, it will bind to the host cell membrane via region number____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  6

Question 11

Figure 45.1
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The constant region of a light chain is indicated by number____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 12

Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in the ability of the body to____.

Accepted Answer

A)  produce antibodies 
B)  produce memory cells 
C)  destroy major histocompatibility proteins 
D)  distinguish self from non-self 
E)  distinguish between harmless and pathogenic microorganisms 
A)  produce antibodies 
B)  produce memory cells 
C)  destroy major histocompatibility proteins 
D)  distinguish self from non-self 
E)  distinguish between harmless and pathogenic microorganisms

Question 13

Disease-causing viruses or organisms are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens 
B)  vaccines 
C)  mast cells 
D)  macrophages 
E)  memory cells 
A)  pathogens 
B)  vaccines 
C)  mast cells 
D)  macrophages 
E)  memory cells

Question 14

Anaphylactic shock can be controlled by an immediate injection of histamine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The enzyme lysozyme offers protection from some ____ by breaking down their ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses; protein coat 
B)  bacteria; cell walls 
C)  viruses; envelopes 
D)  bacteria; DNA 
E)  viruses and bacteria; nucleic acids 
A)  viruses; protein coat 
B)  bacteria; cell walls 
C)  viruses; envelopes 
D)  bacteria; DNA 
E)  viruses and bacteria; nucleic acids

Question 17

B cells and T cells that react with self-antigens are destroyed by____.

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  cytokinesis 
D)  diakinesis 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  apoptosis 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  cytokinesis 
D)  diakinesis 
E)  endocytosis

Question 18

Discuss the phenomena of immunological tolerance and autoimmune disease.

Accepted Answer

Immunological tolerance is the phenomeno

Question 19

B cells differentiate in the ____, while T cells mature in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow; thymus 
B)  thymus; bone marrow 
C)  bone marrow; bone marrow 
D)  bone marrow; blood 
E)  blood; thymus 
A)  bone marrow; thymus 
B)  thymus; bone marrow 
C)  bone marrow; bone marrow 
D)  bone marrow; blood 
E)  blood; thymus

Question 20

Allergens induce ____ cells to secrete an overabundance of ____ antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4+ T; IgA 
B)  B; IgE 
C)  dendritic; IgG 
D)  CD8+ T; IgE 
E)  B; IgG 
A)  CD4+ T; IgA 
B)  B; IgE 
C)  dendritic; IgG 
D)  CD8+ T; IgE 
E)  B; IgG

Exam 45: Defenses Against Disease

An antibody molecule consists of ____ polypeptide chain(s).

How is antibody-mediated immunity different from cell-mediated immunity?

Which autoimmune disease is correctly matched with the tissue it affects?

Vaccinations introduce ____ into the body to stimulate the immune system and produce immunological memory.

T cells are produced in the bone marrow but mature in the thyroid.

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called humoral immunity.

Arrange the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order. 1. Plasma cells secrete antibodies. 2) Helper T cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex. 3) Contact with antigen. 4) Clones of B cells produced. 5) Fragmentation of antigen.

The gut microbiome influences host immunity.

In the respiratory tract, ciliated cells constantly sweep mucus that contains trapped foreign matter.

Figure 45.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. If an antibody serves as a B-cell receptor, it will bind to the host cell membrane via region number____.

Figure 45.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The constant region of a light chain is indicated by number____.

Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in the ability of the body to____.

Disease-causing viruses or organisms are called ____.

Anaphylactic shock can be controlled by an immediate injection of histamine.

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.

The enzyme lysozyme offers protection from some ____ by breaking down their ____.

B cells and T cells that react with self-antigens are destroyed by____.

Discuss the phenomena of immunological tolerance and autoimmune disease.

B cells differentiate in the ____, while T cells mature in the ____.

Allergens induce ____ cells to secrete an overabundance of ____ antibodies.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The enzyme lysozyme offers protection from some by breaking down their .

B cells differentiate in the , while T cells mature in the .

Allergens induce cells to secrete an overabundance of antibodies.