Question 1

Which factor(s) determine a species' optimal foraging theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability of parasites 
B)  availability of predators 
C)  energy needed to capture food and court mates 
D)  energy that foraging provides 
E)  energy needed to capture food and the energy that the food provides 
A)  availability of parasites 
B)  availability of predators 
C)  energy needed to capture food and court mates 
D)  energy that foraging provides 
E)  energy needed to capture food and the energy that the food provides E

Question 2

Periwinkle snails prefer to feed on the green alga Enteromorpha . In tide pools, Enteromorpha , which other alga species, while in areas exposed at low tide, the red alga Chondrus outcompetes Enteromorpha . How did these feeding and competing interactions affect the algal populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periwinkles decreased species richness in both tide pools and exposed areas. 
B)  Periwinkles eliminated all of the less dominant algal species. 
C)  Periwinkles eliminated the dominant algae entirely. 
D)  Periwinkles decreased species richness when Enteromorpha is dominant, but increased species richness when Enteromorpha is competitively inferior. 
E)  Periwinkles increased species richness when Enteromorpha is dominant, but decreased species richness when Enteromorpha is competitively inferior. 
A)  Periwinkles decreased species richness in both tide pools and exposed areas. 
B)  Periwinkles eliminated all of the less dominant algal species. 
C)  Periwinkles eliminated the dominant algae entirely. 
D)  Periwinkles decreased species richness when Enteromorpha is dominant, but increased species richness when Enteromorpha is competitively inferior. 
E)  Periwinkles increased species richness when Enteromorpha is dominant, but decreased species richness when Enteromorpha is competitively inferior. E

Question 3

Which conclusion can be drawn from Gause's experiments on interspecific competition between two species of Paramecium that are cultured together and feed on the same resource?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both populations of Paramecium expire due to a build-up of waste products. 
B)  One population of Paramecium used the other as a food source. 
C)  Paramecium populations survive well together because they have no limiting resources. 
D)  When two populations of Paramecium use the same limiting resource, they can coexist long term. 
E)  When two populations of Paramecium use the same limiting resource, they cannot coexist long term. 
A)  Both populations of Paramecium expire due to a build-up of waste products. 
B)  One population of Paramecium used the other as a food source. 
C)  Paramecium populations survive well together because they have no limiting resources. 
D)  When two populations of Paramecium use the same limiting resource, they can coexist long term. 
E)  When two populations of Paramecium use the same limiting resource, they cannot coexist long term. E

Question 4

Which interaction is advantageous for one species, but has a negative effect on the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation only 
B)  herbivory only 
C)  mutualism only 
D)  parasitism only 
E)  predation, herbivory and parasitism 
A)  predation only 
B)  herbivory only 
C)  mutualism only 
D)  parasitism only 
E)  predation, herbivory and parasitism

Question 5

According to the ____, new species are prevented from entering a community by the existing species.

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium theory of island biogeography 
B)  facilitation hypothesis 
C)  inhibition hypothesis 
D)  intermediate hypothesis 
E)  tolerance hypothesis 
A)  equilibrium theory of island biogeography 
B)  facilitation hypothesis 
C)  inhibition hypothesis 
D)  intermediate hypothesis 
E)  tolerance hypothesis

Question 6

Which adaptation(s) allow(s) a rattlesnake to locate prey more effectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  acute sense of hearing only 
B)  heat and chemical sensors 
C)  acute sense of smell only 
D)  acute sense of vision and chemical sensors 
E)  acute sense of smell and vision 
A)  acute sense of hearing only 
B)  heat and chemical sensors 
C)  acute sense of smell only 
D)  acute sense of vision and chemical sensors 
E)  acute sense of smell and vision

Question 7

In interference competition , two or more populations use the same limiting resource.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which sequence lists the correct order of dominant plants in the ecological succession in Glacier Bay, Alaska?

Accepted Answer

A)  lichens and moss, shrubs, young conifers, established spruce and hemlock forests 
B)  shrubs, young conifers, lichens and moss, established spruce and hemlock forests 
C)  established spruce and hemlock forests, shrubs, young conifers, lichens and moss 
D)  established spruce and hemlock forests, young conifers, shrubs, lichens and moss 
E)  lichens and moss, shrubs, established spruce and hemlock forests, young conifers 
A)  lichens and moss, shrubs, young conifers, established spruce and hemlock forests 
B)  shrubs, young conifers, lichens and moss, established spruce and hemlock forests 
C)  established spruce and hemlock forests, shrubs, young conifers, lichens and moss 
D)  established spruce and hemlock forests, young conifers, shrubs, lichens and moss 
E)  lichens and moss, shrubs, established spruce and hemlock forests, young conifers

Question 9

Three plants that share the same niche have taproots of different length. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle 
C)  resource partitioning 
D)  allopatric speciation 
A)  character displacement 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle 
C)  resource partitioning 
D)  allopatric speciation

Question 10

Which concept helps visualize resource use and the potential for interspecific competition in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle 
C)  sympatric speciation 
D)  ecological niche 
E)  resource partitioning 
A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  the competitive exclusion principle 
C)  sympatric speciation 
D)  ecological niche 
E)  resource partitioning

Question 11

Leopard seals feed on emperor penguins, which feed on secondary consumers. Which trophic level would the leopard seal occupy in this food web?

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposer 
B)  detritivore 
C)  primary consumer 
D)  primary producer 
E)  quaternary consumer 
A)  decomposer 
B)  detritivore 
C)  primary consumer 
D)  primary producer 
E)  quaternary consumer

Question 12

Saltmarsh cordgrass is known as a(n)_____ because patches slow the velocity of incoming tides and stabilize stormy beach habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  parasite 
B)  foundation species 
C)  symbiote 
D)  mimic 
E)  ecotone 
A)  parasite 
B)  foundation species 
C)  symbiote 
D)  mimic 
E)  ecotone

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: the resources a population uses, and the environmental conditions it requires
two or more species use the same limiting resource
sporting a brightly contrasting, dangerous-looking pattern

Accepted Answer

The Answer of interference competition and aposematic coloration and exploitative is...

Question 14

The range of conditions and resources required by a population is known as its ____, while the range of conditions and resources that it actually uses is known as its ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental niche; habitat 
B)  trophic level; habitat 
C)  realized niche; fundamental niche 
D)  fundamental niche; realized niche 
E)  ecological niche; trophic level 
A)  fundamental niche; habitat 
B)  trophic level; habitat 
C)  realized niche; fundamental niche 
D)  fundamental niche; realized niche 
E)  ecological niche; trophic level

Question 15

Colonization rates from one habitat patch to another are ____ and extinction rates within habitat patches are ____ in contiguous habitats than on islands.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower; lower 
B)  lower; higher 
C)  higher; higher 
D)  higher; lower 
E)  even; lower 
A)  lower; lower 
B)  lower; higher 
C)  higher; higher 
D)  higher; lower 
E)  even; lower

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: top carnivore
tertiary consumers
primary producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
quaternary consumers

Accepted Answer

The Answer of D and F and E and A is...

Question 17

The monarch butterfly has an undesirable taste and the viceroy butterfly has a selective advantage because it looks like the monarch. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  aposematic coloration 
B)  Batesian mimicry 
C)  competitive exclusion principle 
D)  cryptic coloration 
E)  Müllerian mimicry 
A)  aposematic coloration 
B)  Batesian mimicry 
C)  competitive exclusion principle 
D)  cryptic coloration 
E)  Müllerian mimicry

Question 18

How do pancake tortoises protect themselves from predators?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their coloration serves as a disguise. 
B)  They emit an undesirable scent. 
C)  They have large jaws with teeth. 
D)  They puff themselves up and become wedged in between cracks in rocks. 
E)  They retreat into their shell. 
A)  Their coloration serves as a disguise. 
B)  They emit an undesirable scent. 
C)  They have large jaws with teeth. 
D)  They puff themselves up and become wedged in between cracks in rocks. 
E)  They retreat into their shell.

Question 19

Why do early successional stages harbor many r -selected species?

Accepted Answer

A)  they often require shade 
B)  they are long-lived 
C)  they are not damaged by disturbances 
D)  they produce many small seeds that colonize open areas 
E)  they grow slowly 
A)  they often require shade 
B)  they are long-lived 
C)  they are not damaged by disturbances 
D)  they produce many small seeds that colonize open areas 
E)  they grow slowly

Question 20

Succession in abandoned farms ("old fields") takes at least 100 years, and therefore is often reconstructed using ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  field experiments 
B)  laboratory experiments 
C)  historical records 
D)  evolutionary records 
E)  fossil records 
A)  field experiments 
B)  laboratory experiments 
C)  historical records 
D)  evolutionary records 
E)  fossil records

Exam 53: Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Which factor(s) determine a species' optimal foraging theory?

Periwinkle snails prefer to feed on the green alga Enteromorpha . In tide pools, Enteromorpha , which other alga species, while in areas exposed at low tide, the red alga Chondrus outcompetes Enteromorpha . How did these feeding and competing interactions affect the algal populations?

Which conclusion can be drawn from Gause's experiments on interspecific competition between two species of Paramecium that are cultured together and feed on the same resource?

Which interaction is advantageous for one species, but has a negative effect on the other?

According to the ____, new species are prevented from entering a community by the existing species.

Which adaptation(s) allow(s) a rattlesnake to locate prey more effectively?

In interference competition , two or more populations use the same limiting resource.

Which sequence lists the correct order of dominant plants in the ecological succession in Glacier Bay, Alaska?

Three plants that share the same niche have taproots of different length. This is an example of ____.

Which concept helps visualize resource use and the potential for interspecific competition in nature?

Leopard seals feed on emperor penguins, which feed on secondary consumers. Which trophic level would the leopard seal occupy in this food web?

Saltmarsh cordgrass is known as a(n)_____ because patches slow the velocity of incoming tides and stabilize stormy beach habitat.

The range of conditions and resources required by a population is known as its ____, while the range of conditions and resources that it actually uses is known as its ____.

Colonization rates from one habitat patch to another are ____ and extinction rates within habitat patches are ____ in contiguous habitats than on islands.

The monarch butterfly has an undesirable taste and the viceroy butterfly has a selective advantage because it looks like the monarch. This is an example of ____.

How do pancake tortoises protect themselves from predators?

Why do early successional stages harbor many r -selected species?

Succession in abandoned farms ("old fields") takes at least 100 years, and therefore is often reconstructed using ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The range of conditions and resources required by a population is known as its , while the range of conditions and resources that it actually uses is known as its .

Colonization rates from one habitat patch to another are and extinction rates within habitat patches are in contiguous habitats than on islands.