Question 1

Blood O2levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Compare the efficiency of mammalian lungs versus fish gills.

Accepted Answer

Fish gills are 80% to 90% efficient. This is due to countercurrent exchange. Mammalian lungs are only about 25% efficient. However, the oxygen content in water is low compared to air.

Question 3

The ____ cells are most sensitive to reduced O2levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  pancreatic 
A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  pancreatic D

Question 4

The ____ keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation.

Accepted Answer

A)  residual volume 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  vital capacity 
D)  lung capacity 
E)  lung volume 
A)  residual volume 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  vital capacity 
D)  lung capacity 
E)  lung volume

Question 5

The ____ are respiratory structures composed of moist evaginations.

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheal tubes 
B)  lungs 
C)  gills 
D)  skin cells 
E)  nasal passages 
A)  tracheal tubes 
B)  lungs 
C)  gills 
D)  skin cells 
E)  nasal passages

Question 6

When the diaphragm contracts , it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In aquatic animals, the most disadvantaged in terms of respiratory media are those living in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cold saltwater 
B)  cold freshwater 
C)  warm saltwater 
D)  warm freshwater 
E)  warm brackish water 
A)  cold saltwater 
B)  cold freshwater 
C)  warm saltwater 
D)  warm freshwater 
E)  warm brackish water

Question 8

O2is transported from air in the lungs into the blood through the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  simple diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  osmosis 
A)  active transport 
B)  simple diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  osmosis

Question 9

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind up to six molecules of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

During a dive, a marine mammal experiences an increase in the partial pressure of dissolved gases of about 1 atmosphere for every ____ meter(s) in depth.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  20 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  20

Question 11

A larynx is found at the beginning of each insect trachea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The ____ represent an internal respiratory system.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin folds on an amphibian 
B)  broad, flat body of a flatworm 
C)  branched gill filaments 
D)  folds within human lungs 
E)  gills on a salamander 
A)  skin folds on an amphibian 
B)  broad, flat body of a flatworm 
C)  branched gill filaments 
D)  folds within human lungs 
E)  gills on a salamander

Question 13

A ____ uses air sacs to ventilate its lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  human 
B)  bird 
C)  frog 
D)  reptile 
E)  horse 
A)  human 
B)  bird 
C)  frog 
D)  reptile 
E)  horse

Question 14

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As altitude increases, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2increases 
B)  PO2decreases 
C)  PCO2increases 
D)  PCO2decreases 
E)  PN2increases 
A)  PO2increases 
B)  PO2decreases 
C)  PCO2increases 
D)  PCO2decreases 
E)  PN2increases

Question 16

Alveoli are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The ____ changes during exercise.

Accepted Answer

A)  residual volume 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  vital capacity 
D)  lung capacity 
E)  lung volume 
A)  residual volume 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  vital capacity 
D)  lung capacity 
E)  lung volume

Question 18

If N2gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is PN2?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 300 mm Hg 
B)  about 400 mm Hg 
C)  about 500 mm Hg 
D)  about 600 mm Hg 
E)  about 700 mm Hg 
A)  about 300 mm Hg 
B)  about 400 mm Hg 
C)  about 500 mm Hg 
D)  about 600 mm Hg 
E)  about 700 mm Hg

Question 19

Which event occurs in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free H+binds to hemoglobin. 
B)  Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
C)  CO2and H2O are converted into HCO3- and H+in the plasma. 
D)  Carbonic anhydrase converts CO2and H2O into HCO3- and H+in erythrocytes. 
E)  CO2binds to hemoglobin. 
A)  Free H+binds to hemoglobin. 
B)  Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
C)  CO2and H2O are converted into HCO3- and H+in the plasma. 
D)  Carbonic anhydrase converts CO2and H2O into HCO3- and H+in erythrocytes. 
E)  CO2binds to hemoglobin.

Question 20

The ____ drive(s) inhalation by stimulating contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral respiratory group 
B)  pons respiratory group 
C)  carotid bodies 
D)  dorsal respiratory group 
E)  aortic bodies 
A)  ventral respiratory group 
B)  pons respiratory group 
C)  carotid bodies 
D)  dorsal respiratory group 
E)  aortic bodies

Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Blood O2levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Compare the efficiency of mammalian lungs versus fish gills.

The ____ cells are most sensitive to reduced O2levels.

The ____ keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation.

The ____ are respiratory structures composed of moist evaginations.

When the diaphragm contracts , it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

In aquatic animals, the most disadvantaged in terms of respiratory media are those living in ____.

O2is transported from air in the lungs into the blood through the process of ____.

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind up to six molecules of oxygen.

During a dive, a marine mammal experiences an increase in the partial pressure of dissolved gases of about 1 atmosphere for every ____ meter(s) in depth.

A larynx is found at the beginning of each insect trachea.

The ____ represent an internal respiratory system.

A ____ uses air sacs to ventilate its lungs.

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

As altitude increases, ____.

Alveoli are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries .

The ____ changes during exercise.

If N2gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is PN2?

Which event occurs in the lungs?

The ____ drive(s) inhalation by stimulating contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Blood O₂levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

The ____ cells are most sensitive to reduced O₂levels.

O₂is transported from air in the lungs into the blood through the process of ____.

If N₂gas comprises 79 percent of atmospheric air at sea level, what is PN₂?