Exam 48: Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

The descending segment of the longest loops of Henle descends into the ____.

The main form of nitrogenous wastes released by aquatic invertebrates to their environment is ____.

Osmolarity is the ____.

Where in the mammalian kidney would you expect to find cells with the highest concentration of osmolytes such as sorbitol?

Because it has no aquaporins, water is generally trapped in the ____ in mammals.

The excretory system used by adult mollusks consists of tubules called ____.

Nitrogenous waste is excreted from Malpighian tubules mainly in the form of ____.

The kangaroo rat gets the bulk of its water from ____.

Protonephridia are found in ____.

Sharks and rays deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater mainly by ____.

Which waste products result from the breakdown of proteins in animals?

The nonselective movement of water and a number of solutes into excretory system tubules is called ____.

Considering solutions on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, a solution of higher osmolarity is said to be hyperosmotic to a solution of lower osmolarity

You examine an animal and find that it has an excretory tubule with a closed proximal end immersed in hemolymph and a distal end that empties into the gut. You correctly identify this tubule as a ____.

Marine mammals produce uric acid that is less concentrated than seawater.

Aquaporins are ____.

The human temperature set point typically ____.

The typical osmolarity of body fluids in most freshwater invertebrates is about ____ mOsm/L.

Torpor during the summer is called estivation .

In mammals, the glomerulus is located within the ____.