Question 1

The ____ have a single, circular chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea 
B)  Bacteria 
C)  Archaea and Bacteria 
D)  cyanobacteria only 
E)  methanogens only 
A)  Archaea 
B)  Bacteria 
C)  Archaea and Bacteria 
D)  cyanobacteria only 
E)  methanogens only C

Question 2

Which characteristics clearly separate Eukarya from Bacteria, but not Eukarya from Archaea?

Accepted Answer

The presence of multiple types of RNA polymerase, methionine as the first amino acid placed in proteins, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Question 3

The botulism toxin ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is an endotoxin 
B)  is produced by an extremophile 
C)  may be found as a contaminant in expired food 
D)  is marketed as Botox 
E)  causes muscles to contract 
A)  is an endotoxin 
B)  is produced by an extremophile 
C)  may be found as a contaminant in expired food 
D)  is marketed as Botox 
E)  causes muscles to contract D

Question 4

Differentiate between endotoxins and exoenzymes.

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides relea

Question 5

Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins only 
B)  proteins and DNA 
C)  proteins and RNA 
D)  glycolipids and DNA 
E)  glycolipids and RNA 
A)  proteins only 
B)  proteins and DNA 
C)  proteins and RNA 
D)  glycolipids and DNA 
E)  glycolipids and RNA

Question 6

Chlamydias are bacteria that possess cell walls, but lack peptidoglycan .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

All chemoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea only 
B)  bacteria only 
C)  eukaryotes only 
D)  prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
E)  prokaryotes 
A)  archaea only 
B)  bacteria only 
C)  eukaryotes only 
D)  prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
E)  prokaryotes

Question 8

Prokaryotes typically undergo ____ via the process of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual reproduction; mitosis 
B)  sexual reproduction; meiosis 
C)  asexual reproduction; binary fission 
D)  sexual reproduction; binary fission 
E)  asexual reproduction; budding 
A)  asexual reproduction; mitosis 
B)  sexual reproduction; meiosis 
C)  asexual reproduction; binary fission 
D)  sexual reproduction; binary fission 
E)  asexual reproduction; budding

Question 9

The three domains of life are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses 
B)  animals, plants, and microorganisms 
C)  Prokaryota, Eukaryota, and Protostista 
D)  Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota 
E)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 
A)  eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses 
B)  animals, plants, and microorganisms 
C)  Prokaryota, Eukaryota, and Protostista 
D)  Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota 
E)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Question 10

The process of nitrification is the conversion of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  N2→ NH4+ 
B)  NH4+→ N2 
C)  N2→ NO3- 
D)  NO3- → N2 
E)  NH4+→ NO3- 
A)  N2→ NH4+ 
B)  NH4+→ N2 
C)  N2→ NO3- 
D)  NO3- → N2 
E)  NH4+→ NO3-

Question 11

Figure 26.2
- ; note that B, D, and E are domains.
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies the common ancestor of all modern organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 12

In order to prove that a bacterium is pathological according to Koch's postulates, the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria must be present in most cases of the disease 
B)  bacteria must be isolated from the infected host and grown in mixed culture 
C)  specific disease must be induced when a pure culture of the bacteria is introduced into a healthy host 
D)  bacteria must be isolated from a transfer host 
E)  bacterium must produce spores that can be transmitted from one individual to another 
A)  bacteria must be present in most cases of the disease 
B)  bacteria must be isolated from the infected host and grown in mixed culture 
C)  specific disease must be induced when a pure culture of the bacteria is introduced into a healthy host 
D)  bacteria must be isolated from a transfer host 
E)  bacterium must produce spores that can be transmitted from one individual to another

Question 13

The flagella of bacteria rotate at their bases like propellers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Figure 26.1 
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies the structure that facilitates movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 15

Figure 26.1 
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies the structure that carries out protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  9 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  9

Question 16

Figure 26.2
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

Why are archaeans more tolerant of extreme environmental conditions than bacteria?

Accepted Answer

There are differences in their plasma me

Question 18

Figure 26.1 
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies a structure that aids in attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  7 
E)  8 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  7 
E)  8

Question 19

The major structural component of bacterial cell walls is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  proteoglycan 
D)  peptidoglycan 
E)  arabinogalactan 
A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  proteoglycan 
D)  peptidoglycan 
E)  arabinogalactan

Question 20

In which of the following ways is proteobacterial photosynthesis different from plant photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses a different molecule than chlorophyll. 
B)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis does not produce oxygen. 
C)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor. 
D)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses a different molecule than chlorophyll and does not produce oxygen 
E)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis occurs in the dark. 
A)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses a different molecule than chlorophyll. 
B)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis does not produce oxygen. 
C)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor. 
D)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis uses a different molecule than chlorophyll and does not produce oxygen 
E)  Proteobacterial photosynthesis occurs in the dark.

Exam 26: Prokaryotes and Viruses

The ____ have a single, circular chromosome.

Which characteristics clearly separate Eukarya from Bacteria, but not Eukarya from Archaea?

The botulism toxin ____.

Differentiate between endotoxins and exoenzymes.

Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of ____.

Chlamydias are bacteria that possess cell walls, but lack peptidoglycan .

All chemoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs are ____.

Prokaryotes typically undergo ____ via the process of ____.

The three domains of life are ____.

The process of nitrification is the conversion of ____.

Figure 26.2 - ; note that B, D, and E are domains. Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies the common ancestor of all modern organisms?

In order to prove that a bacterium is pathological according to Koch's postulates, the ____.

The flagella of bacteria rotate at their bases like propellers.

Figure 26.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies the structure that facilitates movement?

Figure 26.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies the structure that carries out protein synthesis?

Figure 26.2 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies Bacteria?

Why are archaeans more tolerant of extreme environmental conditions than bacteria?

Figure 26.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies a structure that aids in attachment?

The major structural component of bacterial cell walls is ____.

In which of the following ways is proteobacterial photosynthesis different from plant photosynthesis?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Prokaryotes typically undergo via the process of .