Question 1

The Human Genome Project completed in 2003 focused on sequencing the genome(s) of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the mouse only 
B)  humans only 
C)  bacteria only 
D)  humans and prokaryotes only 
E)  humans and other model organisms 
A)  the mouse only 
B)  humans only 
C)  bacteria only 
D)  humans and prokaryotes only 
E)  humans and other model organisms E

Question 2

Protein structure can be predicted nonexperimentally by ____, but not as reliably as by experimental methods.

Accepted Answer

A)  microscopy 
B)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  X-ray crystallography 
D)  computer algorithms based on amino acid chemical attractions 
E)  electrophoresis 
A)  microscopy 
B)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  X-ray crystallography 
D)  computer algorithms based on amino acid chemical attractions 
E)  electrophoresis D

Question 3

Protein-coding ORFs are easier to identify in which type of organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotes because they have easily identifiable regulatory regions 
B)  eukaryotes because they have fewer introns 
C)  prokaryotes because they have few introns 
D)  eukaryotes because they have more exons 
E)  prokaryotes because they have more exons 
A)  eukaryotes because they have easily identifiable regulatory regions 
B)  eukaryotes because they have fewer introns 
C)  prokaryotes because they have few introns 
D)  eukaryotes because they have more exons 
E)  prokaryotes because they have more exons C

Question 4

In humans, there are three genes encoding different nitric oxide synthase enzymes. These three genes form a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  multigene locus 
B)  replicate gene family 
C)  multi-enzyme family 
D)  multigene family 
E)  gene grouping 
A)  multigene locus 
B)  replicate gene family 
C)  multi-enzyme family 
D)  multigene family 
E)  gene grouping

Question 5

Comparative genomics is an approach used to learn how genes and genomes have evolved. Describe three different concepts that have been revealed by comparative genomics studies.

Accepted Answer

By comparing genomes from different orga

Question 6

A researcher wants to investigate the function of a gene without permanently altering the gene's function or activity. Which experimental approach should she choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene knockout 
B)  gene knockdown 
C)  electrophoresis 
D)  RNA-seq 
E)  bioinformatics 
A)  gene knockout 
B)  gene knockdown 
C)  electrophoresis 
D)  RNA-seq 
E)  bioinformatics

Question 7

Which gene-altering event is most likely to create a new gene encoding a functional protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene duplication followed by small mutations 
B)  gene duplication followed by large mutations 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  transposition of DNA sequences 
E)  inversion of DNA sequences 
A)  gene duplication followed by small mutations 
B)  gene duplication followed by large mutations 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  transposition of DNA sequences 
E)  inversion of DNA sequences

Question 8

The human genome is composed of approximately _____ billion base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  7 
D)  10 
E)  14 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  7 
D)  10 
E)  14

Question 9

Which gene would most likely be found in the genomes of all present-day organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase gene 
B)  a photosynthetic gene 
C)  a nitrogen fixation gene 
D)  a gene for anaerobic respiration-producing lactate 
E)  a gene for cellulose breakdown 
A)  an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase gene 
B)  a photosynthetic gene 
C)  a nitrogen fixation gene 
D)  a gene for anaerobic respiration-producing lactate 
E)  a gene for cellulose breakdown

Question 10

Gene duplication can result from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a normal crossover event 
B)  exon shuffling 
C)  unequal crossing-over 
D)  a point mutation 
E)  alternative splicing 
A)  a normal crossover event 
B)  exon shuffling 
C)  unequal crossing-over 
D)  a point mutation 
E)  alternative splicing

Question 11

To study how genes have evolved, scientists compare the genome sequences of related organisms, a research approach known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genome sequence determination 
B)  genome annotation 
C)  comparative genomics 
D)  functional genomics 
E)  proteomics 
A)  genome sequence determination 
B)  genome annotation 
C)  comparative genomics 
D)  functional genomics 
E)  proteomics

Question 12

How might a researcher best determine the location of a protein in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  studying the amino acid sequence of the protein 
B)  attaching a fluorescent tag to the protein in some way to visualize its cellular location under a microscope 
C)  attaching an antibiotic tag to the protein and determining its location using DNA microarrays 
D)  analyzing the untranslated regions of the gene encoding the protein 
E)  understanding the protein's function 
A)  studying the amino acid sequence of the protein 
B)  attaching a fluorescent tag to the protein in some way to visualize its cellular location under a microscope 
C)  attaching an antibiotic tag to the protein and determining its location using DNA microarrays 
D)  analyzing the untranslated regions of the gene encoding the protein 
E)  understanding the protein's function

Question 13

Chromosomal rearrangement can occur by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  translocation only 
B)  inversion only 
C)  translocation and inversion 
D)  point mutations 
E)  alternative splicing 
A)  translocation only 
B)  inversion only 
C)  translocation and inversion 
D)  point mutations 
E)  alternative splicing

Question 14

DNA microarrays that reveal differential expression patterns are used to study the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genome 
B)  transcriptome 
C)  proteome 
D)  interactome 
E)  ribosome 
A)  genome 
B)  transcriptome 
C)  proteome 
D)  interactome 
E)  ribosome

Question 15

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene duplication results in a second cop

Question 16

During DNA sequence annotation, which feature is not identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein-coding genes 
B)  noncoding RNA genes 
C)  origins of replication 
D)  pseudogenes 
E)  protein interactions 
A)  protein-coding genes 
B)  noncoding RNA genes 
C)  origins of replication 
D)  pseudogenes 
E)  protein interactions

Question 17

Which study indicates that some mutations are inherited from our parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  study of mutations in nerve cells 
B)  study of mutations in somatic cells 
C)  study of mutations in germline cells 
D)  study of mutations in premature infants 
E)  study of mutations in in vitro babies 
A)  study of mutations in nerve cells 
B)  study of mutations in somatic cells 
C)  study of mutations in germline cells 
D)  study of mutations in premature infants 
E)  study of mutations in in vitro babies

Question 18

How do scientists most often access genome sequences determined by research projects?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must request the sequence from the group that performed the research. 
B)  They must request the sequence from the governmental or private group that funded the research. 
C)  They must request the sequence from the company that performed the sequencing. 
D)  They can retrieve the sequence from an online public database, such as GenBank. 
E)  They must sequence the organism themselves to obtain the sequence. 
A)  They must request the sequence from the group that performed the research. 
B)  They must request the sequence from the governmental or private group that funded the research. 
C)  They must request the sequence from the company that performed the sequencing. 
D)  They can retrieve the sequence from an online public database, such as GenBank. 
E)  They must sequence the organism themselves to obtain the sequence.

Question 19

You are studying a particular gene in mice. In one sample of the genome from a mouse, you find that the gene that you have been studying has moved to a completely different location in the genome. The gene that has moved to the new location is bounded by inverted repeat sequences. What is responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  unequal crossing-over 
B)  a retrotransposon 
C)  a chromosomal duplication 
D)  a chromosomal inversion 
E)  a DNA transposon 
A)  unequal crossing-over 
B)  a retrotransposon 
C)  a chromosomal duplication 
D)  a chromosomal inversion 
E)  a DNA transposon

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a prokaryotic genome like that of E. coli ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genes are close together with little space between them. 
B)  The genes almost always contain introns. 
C)  Genes can be transcribed off either of the two strands of DNA. 
D)  Some genes are single transcription units, but about 50% of the protein-coding genes are found in operons. 
E)  The genes vary in length and reflect the lengths of their encoded proteins. 
A)  The genes are close together with little space between them. 
B)  The genes almost always contain introns. 
C)  Genes can be transcribed off either of the two strands of DNA. 
D)  Some genes are single transcription units, but about 50% of the protein-coding genes are found in operons. 
E)  The genes vary in length and reflect the lengths of their encoded proteins.

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

The Human Genome Project completed in 2003 focused on sequencing the genome(s) of _____.

Protein structure can be predicted nonexperimentally by ____, but not as reliably as by experimental methods.

Protein-coding ORFs are easier to identify in which type of organism?

In humans, there are three genes encoding different nitric oxide synthase enzymes. These three genes form a ____.

Comparative genomics is an approach used to learn how genes and genomes have evolved. Describe three different concepts that have been revealed by comparative genomics studies.

A researcher wants to investigate the function of a gene without permanently altering the gene's function or activity. Which experimental approach should she choose?

Which gene-altering event is most likely to create a new gene encoding a functional protein?

The human genome is composed of approximately _____ billion base pairs.

Which gene would most likely be found in the genomes of all present-day organisms?

Gene duplication can result from _____.

To study how genes have evolved, scientists compare the genome sequences of related organisms, a research approach known as _____.

How might a researcher best determine the location of a protein in a cell?

Chromosomal rearrangement can occur by ____.

DNA microarrays that reveal differential expression patterns are used to study the _____.

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

During DNA sequence annotation, which feature is not identified?

Which study indicates that some mutations are inherited from our parents?

How do scientists most often access genome sequences determined by research projects?

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a prokaryotic genome like that of E. coli ?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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