Question 1

The cap on an mRNA transcript is the site where ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
B)  the start codon is located 
C)  translation is terminated 
D)  the stop codon is covered until needed 
E)  the 3' end of the mRNA is protected from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes 
A)  ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
B)  the start codon is located 
C)  translation is terminated 
D)  the stop codon is covered until needed 
E)  the 3' end of the mRNA is protected from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes A

Question 2

Transcription is terminated in prokaryotes by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  generation of a stop codon 
B)  transcription of an mRNA terminator sequence 
C)  splicing introns out and pasting exons together 
D)  generation of a guanine cap 
E)  generation of a poly-A tail 
A)  generation of a stop codon 
B)  transcription of an mRNA terminator sequence 
C)  splicing introns out and pasting exons together 
D)  generation of a guanine cap 
E)  generation of a poly-A tail B

Question 3

The region in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with mRNA during translation is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticodon 
B)  aminoacylation site 
C)  TATA box 
D)  cloverleaf 
E)  reading frame 
A)  anticodon 
B)  aminoacylation site 
C)  TATA box 
D)  cloverleaf 
E)  reading frame A

Question 4

Small ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) are involved in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA splicing 
B)  initiation of transcription 
C)  aminoacylation of tRNA 
D)  initiation of translation 
E)  termination of translation 
A)  mRNA splicing 
B)  initiation of transcription 
C)  aminoacylation of tRNA 
D)  initiation of translation 
E)  termination of translation

Question 5

Energy for the three stages of translation is directly provided by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars 
B)  ATP 
C)  GTP 
D)  dNTP 
E)  fats 
A)  sugars 
B)  ATP 
C)  GTP 
D)  dNTP 
E)  fats

Question 6

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B)  DNA; a polypeptide 
C)  DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D)  a polypeptide; RNA 
E)  RNA; a polypeptide 
A)  RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B)  DNA; a polypeptide 
C)  DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D)  a polypeptide; RNA 
E)  RNA; a polypeptide

Question 7

The process of linking the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the tRNA itself 
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  an mRNA 
D)  the ribosome 
E)  an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
A)  the tRNA itself 
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  an mRNA 
D)  the ribosome 
E)  an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 8

The TATA box is a key element of the ____ of most eukaryotic protein-coding genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  terminator 
B)  coding region 
C)  promoter 
D)  transcription start point 
E)  introns 
A)  terminator 
B)  coding region 
C)  promoter 
D)  transcription start point 
E)  introns

Question 9

The first part of a new polypeptide chain being produced in a eukaryotic cell has a signal peptide. Translation of this polypeptide ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs on a free ribosome in the cytosol 
B)  begins on a free ribosome in the cytosol and is completed on the rough ER 
C)  occurs in the Golgi apparatus 
D)  begins on the rough ER and is completed in the Golgi apparatus 
E)  occurs on the rough ER 
A)  occurs on a free ribosome in the cytosol 
B)  begins on a free ribosome in the cytosol and is completed on the rough ER 
C)  occurs in the Golgi apparatus 
D)  begins on the rough ER and is completed in the Golgi apparatus 
E)  occurs on the rough ER

Question 10

Initiation factors are ____ that assist in the initiation of translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNAs 
B)  proteins 
C)  tRNAs 
D)  amino acids 
E)  snRNPs 
A)  mRNAs 
B)  proteins 
C)  tRNAs 
D)  amino acids 
E)  snRNPs

Question 11

Consider a mutant organism that is unable to make the amino acid arginine. Knowing that the metabolic pathway for arginine production is ornithine ->citrulline ->arginine, you test the ability of the mutant to grow in the presence of just one of these compounds. You find that the mutant can grow in the presence of arginine, but not in the presence of citrulline or ornithine. From this, you can conclude that the product of the mutant gene is most directly involved in the production of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  arginine from ornithine 
B)  arginine from citrulline 
C)  citrulline from ornithine 
D)  ornithine from arginine 
E)  citrulline from arginine 
A)  arginine from ornithine 
B)  arginine from citrulline 
C)  citrulline from ornithine 
D)  ornithine from arginine 
E)  citrulline from arginine

Question 12

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the ____ hypothesis, which has since been modified to the ____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one polypeptide 
B)  one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one enzyme 
C)  one gene-one protein; one gene-one enzyme 
D)  one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one protein 
E)  one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one protein 
A)  one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one polypeptide 
B)  one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one enzyme 
C)  one gene-one protein; one gene-one enzyme 
D)  one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one protein 
E)  one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one protein

Question 13

A polysome is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the combination of a large and a small ribosomal subunit 
B)  the complex where mRNA splicing occurs 
C)  the promoter assembly at the site of transcription initiation 
D)  an mRNA transcript to which multiple ribosomes are attached 
E)  the complex that adds a poly(
A)  tail onto an mRNA 
A)  the combination of a large and a small ribosomal subunit 
B)  the complex where mRNA splicing occurs 
C)  the promoter assembly at the site of transcription initiation 
D)  an mRNA transcript to which multiple ribosomes are attached 
E)  the complex that adds a poly(
A)  tail onto an mRNA

Question 14

The routing of proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  essentially random 
B)  based on transcription factors 
C)  controlled by the type of ribosome used 
D)  directed by signals that are part of the proteins 
E)  primarily determined by mRNA splicing 
A)  essentially random 
B)  based on transcription factors 
C)  controlled by the type of ribosome used 
D)  directed by signals that are part of the proteins 
E)  primarily determined by mRNA splicing

Question 15

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  translation 
B)  DNA replication and transcription 
C)  transcription 
D)  DNA replication 
E)  translation and transcription 
A)  translation 
B)  DNA replication and transcription 
C)  transcription 
D)  DNA replication 
E)  translation and transcription

Question 16

The process of removing introns from mRNA and joining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  anticodon 
C)  lariat 
D)  polysome 
E)  spliceosome 
A)  ribosome 
B)  anticodon 
C)  lariat 
D)  polysome 
E)  spliceosome

Question 17

Briefly describe the positions of tRNA in the ribosome and relate them to the process of translation elongation.

Accepted Answer

A ribosome has three locations where tRN

Question 18

The process of transcription refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B)  DNA; a polypeptide 
C)  DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D)  a polypeptide; RNA 
E)  RNA; a polypeptide 
A)  RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B)  DNA; a polypeptide 
C)  DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D)  a polypeptide; RNA 
E)  RNA; a polypeptide

Question 19

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  some codons do not specify an amino acid 
B)  most amino acids are represented by more than one codon 
C)  the code varies considerably between different organisms 
D)  the code is commaless with no indicators of spaces between codons 
E)  the code varies considerably between different cell types within a multicellular organism 
A)  some codons do not specify an amino acid 
B)  most amino acids are represented by more than one codon 
C)  the code varies considerably between different organisms 
D)  the code is commaless with no indicators of spaces between codons 
E)  the code varies considerably between different cell types within a multicellular organism

Question 20

Relative to the mRNA, which of the following moves during translocation?

Accepted Answer

A)  attached tRNAs and the ribosome 
B)  attached tRNAs and the polypeptide chain 
C)  the ribosome only 
D)  the ribosome and the polypeptide chain 
E)  the polypeptide chain only 
A)  attached tRNAs and the ribosome 
B)  attached tRNAs and the polypeptide chain 
C)  the ribosome only 
D)  the ribosome and the polypeptide chain 
E)  the polypeptide chain only

Exam 15: Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

The cap on an mRNA transcript is the site where ____.

Transcription is terminated in prokaryotes by ____.

The region in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with mRNA during translation is the ____.

Small ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) are involved in ____.

Energy for the three stages of translation is directly provided by ____.

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____.

The process of linking the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by ____.

The TATA box is a key element of the ____ of most eukaryotic protein-coding genes.

The first part of a new polypeptide chain being produced in a eukaryotic cell has a signal peptide. Translation of this polypeptide ____.

Initiation factors are ____ that assist in the initiation of translation.

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the ____ hypothesis, which has since been modified to the ____ hypothesis.

A polysome is ____.

The routing of proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells is ____.

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

The process of removing introns from mRNA and joining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____.

Briefly describe the positions of tRNA in the ribosome and relate them to the process of translation elongation.

The process of transcription refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____.

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because ____.

Relative to the mRNA, which of the following moves during translocation?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in to make .

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the hypothesis, which has since been modified to the hypothesis.

The process of transcription refers to the use of information encoded in to make .