Question 1

An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) osmosis. 
C) active transport. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) facilitated diffusion. 
A) diffusion. 
B) osmosis. 
C) active transport. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 2

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

Accepted Answer

A) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. 
B) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. 
C) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. 
D) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. 
E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm. 
A) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. 
B) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. 
C) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. 
D) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. 
E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm.

Question 3

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

Accepted Answer

A) exocytosis 
B) phagocytosis 
C) pinocytosis 
D) osmosis 
E) receptor-mediated exocytosis 
A) exocytosis 
B) phagocytosis 
C) pinocytosis 
D) osmosis 
E) receptor-mediated exocytosis

Question 4

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description.
  
-Which component is the peripheral protein?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

Accepted Answer

A) peroxisomes. 
B) lysosomes. 
C) Golgi vesicles. 
D) vacuoles. 
E) secretory vesicles. 
A) peroxisomes. 
B) lysosomes. 
C) Golgi vesicles. 
D) vacuoles. 
E) secretory vesicles.

Question 6

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

Accepted Answer

A) enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops. 
B) enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids. 
C) enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids. 
D) makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell. 
E) makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders. 
A) enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops. 
B) enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids. 
C) enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids. 
D) makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell. 
E) makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders.

Question 7

What is the voltage across a membrane called?

Accepted Answer

A) water potential 
B) chemical gradient 
C) membrane potential 
D) osmotic potential 
E) electrochemical gradient 
A) water potential 
B) chemical gradient 
C) membrane potential 
D) osmotic potential 
E) electrochemical gradient

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) It is very rapid over long distances. 
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. 
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 
D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. 
E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane. 
A) It is very rapid over long distances. 
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. 
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 
D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. 
E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

Question 9

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. Refer to the figure to answer the following questions.
  
-If you examine side A after three days, you should find

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level. 
B) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose. 
C) no net change in the system. 
D) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level. 
E) no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level. 
A) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level. 
B) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose. 
C) no net change in the system. 
D) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level. 
E) no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and the percent change in mass of each bag was graphed.
  
-Which line or lines in the graph represent(s)bags that contain a solution that is hypertonic at 50 minutes?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) D and E 
A) A and B 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) D and E

Question 11

Which of the following processes includes all others?

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis 
B) diffusion of a solute across a membrane 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) passive transport 
E) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient 
A) osmosis 
B) diffusion of a solute across a membrane 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) passive transport 
E) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

Question 12

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description.
  
-Which component is cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

In which of the following would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation?

Accepted Answer

A) an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid 
B) cells of a tidepool animal such as an anemone 
C) a red blood cell surrounded by plasma 
D) a lymphocyte before it has been taken back into lymph fluid 
E) a plant being grown hydroponically (in a watery mixture of designated nutrients) 
A) an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid 
B) cells of a tidepool animal such as an anemone 
C) a red blood cell surrounded by plasma 
D) a lymphocyte before it has been taken back into lymph fluid 
E) a plant being grown hydroponically (in a watery mixture of designated nutrients)

Question 14

Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels

Accepted Answer

A) down their chemical gradients. 
B) down their concentration gradients. 
C) down the electrical gradients. 
D) down their electrochemical gradients. 
E) down the osmotic potential gradients. 
A) down their chemical gradients. 
B) down their concentration gradients. 
C) down the electrical gradients. 
D) down their electrochemical gradients. 
E) down the osmotic potential gradients.

Question 15

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description.
  
-Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic. 
B) plasmolyzed. 
C) isotonic. 
D) saturated. 
E) hypertonic. 
A) hypotonic. 
B) plasmolyzed. 
C) isotonic. 
D) saturated. 
E) hypertonic.

Question 16

When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell will burst. 
B) The cell membrane will lyse. 
C) Plasmolysis will shrink the interior. 
D) The cell will become flaccid. 
E) The cell will become turgid. 
A) The cell will burst. 
B) The cell membrane will lyse. 
C) Plasmolysis will shrink the interior. 
D) The cell will become flaccid. 
E) The cell will become turgid.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely true of a protein that cotransports glucose and sodium ions into the intestinal cells of an animal?

Accepted Answer

A) The sodium ions are moving down their electrochemical gradient while glucose is moving up. 
B) Glucose entering the cell along its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient. 
C) Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell. 
D) The cotransporter can also transport potassium ions. 
E) A substance that blocks sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein will also block the transport of glucose. 
A) The sodium ions are moving down their electrochemical gradient while glucose is moving up. 
B) Glucose entering the cell along its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient. 
C) Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell. 
D) The cotransporter can also transport potassium ions. 
E) A substance that blocks sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein will also block the transport of glucose.

Question 18

The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes

Accepted Answer

A) are a phospholipid bilayer. 
B) are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins. 
C) are a single layer of phospholipids and proteins. 
D) consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. 
E) consist of a mosaic of polysaccharides and proteins. 
A) are a phospholipid bilayer. 
B) are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins. 
C) are a single layer of phospholipids and proteins. 
D) consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. 
E) consist of a mosaic of polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 19

-Based on the figure above, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration 
B) decreasing extracellular pH 
C) decreasing cytoplasmic pH 
D) adding an inhibitor that blocks the regeneration of ATP 
E) adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions 
A) decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration 
B) decreasing extracellular pH 
C) decreasing cytoplasmic pH 
D) adding an inhibitor that blocks the regeneration of ATP 
E) adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions

Question 20

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. Refer to the figure to answer the following questions.
  
-At the beginning of the experiment,

Accepted Answer

A) side A is hypertonic to side B. 
B) side A is hypotonic to side B. 
C) side A is isotonic to side B. 
D) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose. 
E) side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to sodium chloride. 
A) side A is hypertonic to side B. 
B) side A is hypotonic to side B. 
C) side A is isotonic to side B. 
D) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose. 
E) side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to sodium chloride.

Exam 7: Membrane Structure and Function

An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description. -Which component is the peripheral protein?

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

What is the voltage across a membrane called?

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

Which of the following processes includes all others?

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description. -Which component is cholesterol?

In which of the following would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation?

Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels

For the following questions, match the labelled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description. -Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is

When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

Which of the following is most likely true of a protein that cotransports glucose and sodium ions into the intestinal cells of an animal?

The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes

-Based on the figure above, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters