Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes theories?

Accepted Answer

A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses. 
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations. 
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once. 
D) They are predictions of future events. 
A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses. 
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations. 
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once. 
D) They are predictions of future events.

Question 2

The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree shown below.
The horizontal axis of the cladogram depicted below is a timeline that extends from? 100 000 years ago to the present; the vertical axis represents nothing in particular. The labelled branch points on the tree (V-Z) represent various common ancestors. Let's say that only since? 50 000 years ago has there been enough variation between the lineages depicted here to separate them into distinct species, and only the tips of the lineages on this tree represent distinct species.
  
-According to this tree, what percentage of the species seem to be extant (in other words, not extinct)?

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 33% 
C) 50% 
D) 66% 
E) 75% 
A) 25% 
B) 33% 
C) 50% 
D) 66% 
E) 75%

Question 3

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
About 13 different species of finches inhabit the Galápagos Islands today, all descendants of a common ancestor from the South American mainland that arrived a few million years ago. Genetically, there are four distinct lineages, but the 13 species are currently classified among three genera. The first lineage to diverge from the ancestral lineage was the warbler finch (genus Certhidea). Next to diverge was the vegetarian finch (genus Camarhynchus), followed by five tree finch species (also in genus Camarhynchus) and six ground finch species (genus Geospiza).
-If the six ground finch species have evolved most recently, then which of these is the most logical prediction?

Accepted Answer

A) They should be limited to the six islands that most recently emerged from the sea. 
B) Their genomes should be more similar to each other than are the genomes of the five tree finch species. 
C) They should share fewer anatomical homologies with each other than they share with the tree finches. 
D) The chances of hybridization between two ground finch species should be less than the chances of hybridization between two tree finch species. 
A) They should be limited to the six islands that most recently emerged from the sea. 
B) Their genomes should be more similar to each other than are the genomes of the five tree finch species. 
C) They should share fewer anatomical homologies with each other than they share with the tree finches. 
D) The chances of hybridization between two ground finch species should be less than the chances of hybridization between two tree finch species.

Exam 22: Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

Which of the following statements best describes theories?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters