Question 1

Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and modeling 
B) genetics; environment 
C) reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive categories 
D) environment; genetics 
A) cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and modeling 
B) genetics; environment 
C) reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive categories 
D) environment; genetics

Question 2

The newborn infant:

Accepted Answer

A) is capable of a variety of voluntary behaviors, including rolling over. 
B) is able to see near objects more clearly than distant objects. 
C) is unable to distinguish between different voices. 
D) has no sense of smell. 
A) is capable of a variety of voluntary behaviors, including rolling over. 
B) is able to see near objects more clearly than distant objects. 
C) is unable to distinguish between different voices. 
D) has no sense of smell.

Question 3

According to _____ theory, behavior and traits are adaptive to the degree that they further the transmission of one's genes to the next generation and beyond.

Accepted Answer

A) social learning 
B) evolutionary 
C) social identity 
D) gender schema 
A) social learning 
B) evolutionary 
C) social identity 
D) gender schema

Question 4

Parents who are demanding but unresponsive to their children's needs are called _____, while parents who are demanding yet responsive to their children's needs are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritative; permissive 
B) authoritarian; authoritative 
C) permissive; indulgent 
D) authoritative; authoritarian 
A) authoritative; permissive 
B) authoritarian; authoritative 
C) permissive; indulgent 
D) authoritative; authoritarian

Question 5

The three basic parenting styles described by psychologist Diana Baumrind are:

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. 
B) permissive-indulgent, authoritative, and ambivalent. 
C) authoritarian, inductive, and permissive. 
D) ambivalent, authoritarian, and permissive. 
A) authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. 
B) permissive-indulgent, authoritative, and ambivalent. 
C) authoritarian, inductive, and permissive. 
D) ambivalent, authoritarian, and permissive.

Question 6

The term genotype refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) a recessive gene that is found only on the X chromosome. 
B) the genetic makeup of an organism. 
C) a computer-enhanced image of the genes found embedded in a single chromosome. 
D) a category of living organisms that are genetically related. 
A) a recessive gene that is found only on the X chromosome. 
B) the genetic makeup of an organism. 
C) a computer-enhanced image of the genes found embedded in a single chromosome. 
D) a category of living organisms that are genetically related.

Question 7

The term _____ refers to the stage in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) centration 
B) zone of proximal development 
C) puberty 
D) egocentrism 
A) centration 
B) zone of proximal development 
C) puberty 
D) egocentrism

Question 8

A gene encodes the instructions for:

Accepted Answer

A) a specific combination of amino acids that form a particular protein molecule. 
B) a particular physical or psychological characteristic that you will display. 
C) a particular combination of chromosomes. 
D) one of 46 specific combinations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) . 
A) a specific combination of amino acids that form a particular protein molecule. 
B) a particular physical or psychological characteristic that you will display. 
C) a particular combination of chromosomes. 
D) one of 46 specific combinations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) .

Question 9

Harrison is 15 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year. These changes are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) epigenetic characteristics. 
B) primary sex characteristics. 
C) menarche. 
D) secondary sex characteristics. 
A) epigenetic characteristics. 
B) primary sex characteristics. 
C) menarche. 
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 10

At the moment of conception each person begins life as a single cell, which is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) embryo. 
B) fetus. 
C) placenta. 
D) zygote. 
A) embryo. 
B) fetus. 
C) placenta. 
D) zygote.

Question 11

This drawing depicts some of the key structures involved in the biological basis of heredity. After studying the image, identify the letter that labels a chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 12

An infant's _____ vocabulary develops faster than his or her _____ vocabulary.

Accepted Answer

A) production; comprehension 
B) comprehension; production 
C) preoperational; postoperational 
D) expressive; descriptive 
A) production; comprehension 
B) comprehension; production 
C) preoperational; postoperational 
D) expressive; descriptive

Question 13

The term _____ refers to the tendency of infants to develop motor control from the center of their bodies outwards.

Accepted Answer

A) proximodistal trend 
B) cephalocaudal pattern 
C) ventrodorsal trend 
D) frontoparietal pattern 
A) proximodistal trend 
B) cephalocaudal pattern 
C) ventrodorsal trend 
D) frontoparietal pattern

Question 14

According to the activity theory of aging:

Accepted Answer

A) as people move from middle adulthood to older adulthood they should greatly increase their level of activity. 
B) older adults should gradually disengage from their social, vocational, and relationship roles and decrease their overall level of activity. 
C) older adults should postpone retirement for as long as possible in order to maintain their physical health. 
D) older adults will achieve the highest level of life satisfaction if they maintain their previous level of activity. 
A) as people move from middle adulthood to older adulthood they should greatly increase their level of activity. 
B) older adults should gradually disengage from their social, vocational, and relationship roles and decrease their overall level of activity. 
C) older adults should postpone retirement for as long as possible in order to maintain their physical health. 
D) older adults will achieve the highest level of life satisfaction if they maintain their previous level of activity.

Question 15

The information-processing model of cognitive development emphasizes the view that cognitive development:

Accepted Answer

A) is a process of continuous change over the lifespan. 
B) has three distinct levels with each level having two stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning. 
C) is almost completely accomplished prior to the adolescent years. 
D) is a series of eight distinct stages that extend from infancy to late adulthood. 
A) is a process of continuous change over the lifespan. 
B) has three distinct levels with each level having two stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning. 
C) is almost completely accomplished prior to the adolescent years. 
D) is a series of eight distinct stages that extend from infancy to late adulthood.

Question 16

The term _____ refers to the characteristics that are actually observed in an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) genotype 
B) phenotype 
C) allele 
D) chromosome 
A) genotype 
B) phenotype 
C) allele 
D) chromosome

Question 17

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

Accepted Answer

A) sex. 
B) gender role. 
C) sexual orientation. 
D) gender schema. 
A) sex. 
B) gender role. 
C) sexual orientation. 
D) gender schema.

Question 18

Carl was born a female (Carla) but feels more authentic now that he is living as a man. Recently, Carl has been encouraged by his friends to engage in strength training (lifting weights) because it is "what men do." As a woman, Carl was never encouraged to do strength training because he was told that this would "make him bulky like a man." This example illustrates the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) social learning. 
B) interactionist. 
C) social identity. 
D) evolutionary. 
A) social learning. 
B) interactionist. 
C) social identity. 
D) evolutionary.

Question 19

The term _____ refers to the fact that physical and motor skill development in infants tends to follow a "top to bottom" sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) proximodistal trend 
B) cephalocaudal pattern 
C) ventrodorsal trend 
D) frontoparietal pattern 
A) proximodistal trend 
B) cephalocaudal pattern 
C) ventrodorsal trend 
D) frontoparietal pattern

Question 20

Surveys of family sleeping arrangements in more than a hundred cultures around the world revealed that infants customarily slept in the same room or bed as their mothers in:

Accepted Answer

A) the vast majority of cultures but not in the United States. 
B) the United States but not in most other cultures. 
C) only a small minority of cultures. 
D) only the Mayan villages of Guatemala. 
A) the vast majority of cultures but not in the United States. 
B) the United States but not in most other cultures. 
C) only a small minority of cultures. 
D) only the Mayan villages of Guatemala.

Exam 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development

Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory is to _____.

The newborn infant:

According to _____ theory, behavior and traits are adaptive to the degree that they further the transmission of one's genes to the next generation and beyond.

Parents who are demanding but unresponsive to their children's needs are called _____, while parents who are demanding yet responsive to their children's needs are called _____.

The three basic parenting styles described by psychologist Diana Baumrind are:

The term genotype refers to:

The term _____ refers to the stage in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.

A gene encodes the instructions for:

Harrison is 15 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year. These changes are examples of:

At the moment of conception each person begins life as a single cell, which is called a(n):

This drawing depicts some of the key structures involved in the biological basis of heredity. After studying the image, identify the letter that labels a chromosome.

An infant's _____ vocabulary develops faster than his or her _____ vocabulary.

The term _____ refers to the tendency of infants to develop motor control from the center of their bodies outwards.

According to the activity theory of aging:

The information-processing model of cognitive development emphasizes the view that cognitive development:

The term _____ refers to the characteristics that are actually observed in an organism.

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

The term _____ refers to the fact that physical and motor skill development in infants tends to follow a "top to bottom" sequence.

Surveys of family sleeping arrangements in more than a hundred cultures around the world revealed that infants customarily slept in the same room or bed as their mothers in:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

Gender schema theory is to _ as social learning theory is to _.

Parents who are demanding but unresponsive to their children's needs are called _, while parents who are demanding yet responsive to their children's needs are called _.

An infant's _ vocabulary develops faster than his or her _ vocabulary.