Question 1

At conception, each biological parent contributes:

Accepted Answer

A) 23 chromosomes. 
B) 23 pairs of chromosomes. 
C) 23 genes. 
D) 23 pairs of genes. 
A) 23 chromosomes. 
B) 23 pairs of chromosomes. 
C) 23 genes. 
D) 23 pairs of genes.

Question 2

According to the discussion in the text, Piaget's notion that his stages of cognitive development are universal has been challenged by the finding that:

Accepted Answer

A) some adults never display the characteristics of formal operational thinking. 
B) children in many cultures do not display the characteristics of preoperational thinking. 
C) most adolescents are unable to respond correctly to conservation tasks. 
D) only a few exceptional people display the characteristics of concrete operational thinking. 
A) some adults never display the characteristics of formal operational thinking. 
B) children in many cultures do not display the characteristics of preoperational thinking. 
C) most adolescents are unable to respond correctly to conservation tasks. 
D) only a few exceptional people display the characteristics of concrete operational thinking.

Question 3

Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) formal operational 
A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) formal operational

Question 4

Epigenetics refers to the study of:

Accepted Answer

A) the mechanisms that control gene expression and its effect on behavior and health. 
B) harmful agents or substances that can cause malformation or defects in an embryo or fetus. 
C) karyotypes and the contribution of chromosomes to the development of genotypes. 
D) study of the complete set of DNA in the human body. 
A) the mechanisms that control gene expression and its effect on behavior and health. 
B) harmful agents or substances that can cause malformation or defects in an embryo or fetus. 
C) karyotypes and the contribution of chromosomes to the development of genotypes. 
D) study of the complete set of DNA in the human body.

Question 5

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which of the following will result in babies learning the most words?

Accepted Answer

A) watching a DVD meant to teach them words while alone 
B) watching a DVD meant to teach them words with a parent 
C) being taught by a parent without the DVD 
D) neither watching the DVD nor being taught by a parent 
A) watching a DVD meant to teach them words while alone 
B) watching a DVD meant to teach them words with a parent 
C) being taught by a parent without the DVD 
D) neither watching the DVD nor being taught by a parent

Question 6

The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan is called:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology. 
B) humanistic psychology. 
C) developmental psychology. 
D) epigenetics. 
A) cognitive psychology. 
B) humanistic psychology. 
C) developmental psychology. 
D) epigenetics.

Question 7

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," why did researchers look for changes in the hippocampus when studying the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning and brain health in old age?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes in the hippocampus are easier to measure than changes in other brain structures. 
B) The hippocampus is involved in memory. 
C) The hippocampus typically shrinks in this age group. 
D) The hippocampus is involved in kinesthetic sense. 
A) Changes in the hippocampus are easier to measure than changes in other brain structures. 
B) The hippocampus is involved in memory. 
C) The hippocampus typically shrinks in this age group. 
D) The hippocampus is involved in kinesthetic sense.

Question 8

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

Accepted Answer

A) vision 
B) smell 
C) touch 
D) hearing 
A) vision 
B) smell 
C) touch 
D) hearing

Question 9

During a seminar discussion, Maxwell said he believed men are more rational, logical, and aggressive than women, and that women are more nurturing, caring, and emotional than men. Maxwell's views of male and female differences illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A) gender-role stereotypes. 
B) gender-identity schemas. 
C) sexual orientation stereotypes. 
D) gender-deficiency schemas. 
A) gender-role stereotypes. 
B) gender-identity schemas. 
C) sexual orientation stereotypes. 
D) gender-deficiency schemas.

Question 10

According to research conducted by Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, temperamental patterns:

Accepted Answer

A) are likely to change when children start school. 
B) are remarkably stable throughout childhood. 
C) typically change around age 2 and again at about age 6. 
D) vary on a daily basis throughout infancy and childhood. 
A) are likely to change when children start school. 
B) are remarkably stable throughout childhood. 
C) typically change around age 2 and again at about age 6. 
D) vary on a daily basis throughout infancy and childhood.

Question 11

On a rainy afternoon, 5-year-old Nathan had great fun building a pirate ship using the cushions from the couch and several kitchen chairs. Nathan's imaginary play reflects his capacity for _____, which is a characteristic of the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence; preoperational 
B) abstract reasoning; concrete operational 
C) conservation; preoperational 
D) symbolic thought; preoperational 
A) object permanence; preoperational 
B) abstract reasoning; concrete operational 
C) conservation; preoperational 
D) symbolic thought; preoperational

Question 12

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box on the adolescent brain, research has shown that the developing brain experiences two distinct spurts of brain development. When do these spurts take place?

Accepted Answer

A) during prenatal development and just before the beginning of puberty 
B) during the first year of life and again at age 5 
C) on the average, at age 5 and again at age 15 
D) at age 2, when language development dramatically accelerates, and at age 13 to 14, after the adolescent growth spurt has occurred 
A) during prenatal development and just before the beginning of puberty 
B) during the first year of life and again at age 5 
C) on the average, at age 5 and again at age 15 
D) at age 2, when language development dramatically accelerates, and at age 13 to 14, after the adolescent growth spurt has occurred

Question 13

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby's needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

Accepted Answer

A) guilt. 
B) mistrust. 
C) inferiority. 
D) role confusion. 
A) guilt. 
B) mistrust. 
C) inferiority. 
D) role confusion.

Question 14

Your textbook describes the classic conservation task in which a 5-year-old child observes equal amounts of liquid in two identical short, wide containers. The child watches as the liquid is poured from one short, wide container into a tall, thin container, and is then asked which container holds more water. How did the 5-year-old respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "The tall, thin container has more water." 
B) " The short, wide container has more water." 
C) "Both containers have the same amount of water." 
D) "I don't know." 
A) "The tall, thin container has more water." 
B) " The short, wide container has more water." 
C) "Both containers have the same amount of water." 
D) "I don't know."

Question 15

In homes where both parents are present and have a close relationship with their infant, the infant tends to develop an attachment relationship to:

Accepted Answer

A) his mother but not his father. 
B) his father but not his mother. 
C) both parents at about the same time. 
D) one parent or the other but not both. 
A) his mother but not his father. 
B) his father but not his mother. 
C) both parents at about the same time. 
D) one parent or the other but not both.

Question 16

In an experiment described in the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which was the control condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were not instructed to try to teach them the words. 
B) Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were instructed to try to teach them some words featured in the video. 
C) Children watched the video by themselves at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period. 
D) Children watched the video with a parent at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period. 
A) Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were not instructed to try to teach them the words. 
B) Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were instructed to try to teach them some words featured in the video. 
C) Children watched the video by themselves at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period. 
D) Children watched the video with a parent at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period.

Question 17

Erv and Fern continue to care for older relatives and for their young grandchildren even though they are both older adults. This example suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) caregiving responsibilities can persist throughout the lifespan. 
B) relatives often take advantage of older adults and overestimate their energy level. 
C) disengagement from everyday life takes place in late adulthood. 
D) American culture does not appropriately value the contributions of older adults. 
A) caregiving responsibilities can persist throughout the lifespan. 
B) relatives often take advantage of older adults and overestimate their energy level. 
C) disengagement from everyday life takes place in late adulthood. 
D) American culture does not appropriately value the contributions of older adults.

Question 18

A male has an _____ combination in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) XX; 1st pair of genes 
B) XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes 
C) XY; 1st pair of chromosomes 
D) XY; 23rd pair of chromosomes 
A) XX; 1st pair of genes 
B) XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes 
C) XY; 1st pair of chromosomes 
D) XY; 23rd pair of chromosomes

Question 19

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning:

Accepted Answer

A) based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain. 
B) that is guided by external consequences with no internalization of values or rules. 
C) guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations. 
D) that is guided by internalized legal and moral principles that protect the rights of all members of society. 
A) based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain. 
B) that is guided by external consequences with no internalization of values or rules. 
C) guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations. 
D) that is guided by internalized legal and moral principles that protect the rights of all members of society.

Question 20

Marlene's son begs to go to a baseball game on a school night. After some consideration, Marlene says she will take him as long as he finishes his homework before the game and promises to go to bed as soon as they get home. Marlene is demonstrating the _____ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian 
B) permissive-indulgent 
C) authoritative 
D) permissive-indifferent 
A) authoritarian 
B) permissive-indulgent 
C) authoritative 
D) permissive-indifferent

Exam 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development

At conception, each biological parent contributes:

According to the discussion in the text, Piaget's notion that his stages of cognitive development are universal has been challenged by the finding that:

Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Epigenetics refers to the study of:

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which of the following will result in babies learning the most words?

The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan is called:

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," why did researchers look for changes in the hippocampus when studying the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning and brain health in old age?

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

During a seminar discussion, Maxwell said he believed men are more rational, logical, and aggressive than women, and that women are more nurturing, caring, and emotional than men. Maxwell's views of male and female differences illustrate:

According to research conducted by Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, temperamental patterns:

On a rainy afternoon, 5-year-old Nathan had great fun building a pirate ship using the cushions from the couch and several kitchen chairs. Nathan's imaginary play reflects his capacity for _____, which is a characteristic of the _____ stage of cognitive development.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box on the adolescent brain, research has shown that the developing brain experiences two distinct spurts of brain development. When do these spurts take place?

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby's needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

In homes where both parents are present and have a close relationship with their infant, the infant tends to develop an attachment relationship to:

In an experiment described in the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which was the control condition?

Erv and Fern continue to care for older relatives and for their young grandchildren even though they are both older adults. This example suggests that:

A male has an _____ combination in the _____.

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning:

Marlene's son begs to go to a baseball game on a school night. After some consideration, Marlene says she will take him as long as he finishes his homework before the game and promises to go to bed as soon as they get home. Marlene is demonstrating the _____ parenting style.

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

On a rainy afternoon, 5-year-old Nathan had great fun building a pirate ship using the cushions from the couch and several kitchen chairs. Nathan's imaginary play reflects his capacity for _, which is a characteristic of the _ stage of cognitive development.

A male has an _ combination in the _.