Question 1

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that it:

Accepted Answer

A) reflects a male perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in women. 
B) places too much emphasis on the ethic of care and responsibility and not enough on the ethic of individual rights and justice. 
C) reflects a female perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in men. 
D) places too much emphasis on the concept of interdependence and concern for the overall welfare of others rather than on the more common individualistic ideals of Western culture. 
A) reflects a male perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in women. 
B) places too much emphasis on the ethic of care and responsibility and not enough on the ethic of individual rights and justice. 
C) reflects a female perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in men. 
D) places too much emphasis on the concept of interdependence and concern for the overall welfare of others rather than on the more common individualistic ideals of Western culture.

Question 2

Little Timmy received a princess tiara and scepter as a birthday present from his grandmother. Little Timmy reacted negatively to the gift, stating, "Grandma, these are toys for girls!" Sandra Bem might interpret Timmy's response as an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) unconscious resentment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) gender schema. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) unconscious resentment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) gender schema.

Question 3

The average age range for menopause to occur is:

Accepted Answer

A) early thirties to late thirties. 
B) age 35 to 40. 
C) age 50 to early sixties. 
D) late thirties to early fifties. 
A) early thirties to late thirties. 
B) age 35 to 40. 
C) age 50 to early sixties. 
D) late thirties to early fifties.

Question 4

Regarding temperament, _____ infants react intensely to new experience, strangers, and novel objects.

Accepted Answer

A) high-reactive 
B) low-reactive 
C) slow-to-warm-up 
D) average 
A) high-reactive 
B) low-reactive 
C) slow-to-warm-up 
D) average

Question 5

In contrast to common stereotypes, during their last year of life, most older adults:

Accepted Answer

A) experience poor health, mental confusion, and are cared for in a nursing home. 
B) are in relatively good health, self-sufficient, and active. 
C) are impoverished and dependent upon others for support. 
D) are completely disabled. 
A) experience poor health, mental confusion, and are cared for in a nursing home. 
B) are in relatively good health, self-sufficient, and active. 
C) are impoverished and dependent upon others for support. 
D) are completely disabled.

Question 6

When you put your finger on your newborn nephew's palm, he curls his own fingers around yours, grasping your finger tightly. What behavior have you elicited from your nephew?

Accepted Answer

A) the grasping reflex 
B) the rooting reflex 
C) the stepping reflex 
D) a newborn's inborn preference to seek human contact 
A) the grasping reflex 
B) the rooting reflex 
C) the stepping reflex 
D) a newborn's inborn preference to seek human contact

Question 7

Excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause _____ which is characterized by physical and mental problems such as abnormal facial features or learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

A) fetal alcohol syndrome 
B) teratogen immunity 
C) alcohol tolerance 
D) fetal teratogen syndrome 
A) fetal alcohol syndrome 
B) teratogen immunity 
C) alcohol tolerance 
D) fetal teratogen syndrome

Question 8

According to Erikson's theory, the psychosocial conflict of adolescence is:

Accepted Answer

A) trust versus mistrust. 
B) initiative versus guilt. 
C) ego integrity versus despair. 
D) identity versus role confusion. 
A) trust versus mistrust. 
B) initiative versus guilt. 
C) ego integrity versus despair. 
D) identity versus role confusion.

Question 9

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage six from his theory of moral reasoning because:

Accepted Answer

A) longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage six moral reasoning, and clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare. 
B) other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage six was more typical of male moral reasoning and did not reflect how females reasoned. 
C) the longitudinal research needed to support stage six moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory was never carried out. 
D) other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage six was more typical of female moral reasoning and did not reflect how males reasoned. 
A) longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage six moral reasoning, and clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare. 
B) other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage six was more typical of male moral reasoning and did not reflect how females reasoned. 
C) the longitudinal research needed to support stage six moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory was never carried out. 
D) other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage six was more typical of female moral reasoning and did not reflect how males reasoned.

Question 10

As the neural tube expands during development it develops cavities called _____ that are found at the core of the fully developed brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomes 
B) alleles 
C) ventricles 
D) amniotic sacs 
A) chromosomes 
B) alleles 
C) ventricles 
D) amniotic sacs

Question 11

Research shows that among healthy older adults, the LARGEST declines in mental abilities are experienced by those who:

Accepted Answer

A) are well-educated. 
B) live unstimulating lives. 
C) engage in many physical and mental activities. 
D) who are living in a senior housing complex or nursing home. 
A) are well-educated. 
B) live unstimulating lives. 
C) engage in many physical and mental activities. 
D) who are living in a senior housing complex or nursing home.

Question 12

Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person:

Accepted Answer

A) conforms to conventional standards of society. 
B) can think logically and rationally, and deal with abstract concepts. 
C) obeys the law. 
D) has resolved the major psychosocial conflicts associated with each developmental stage he or she has passed through. 
A) conforms to conventional standards of society. 
B) can think logically and rationally, and deal with abstract concepts. 
C) obeys the law. 
D) has resolved the major psychosocial conflicts associated with each developmental stage he or she has passed through.

Question 13

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan high-reactive infants are likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A) outgoing and have a high energy level. 
B) tense, fearful, and inhibited. 
C) calm and slow-to-warm-up. 
D) sociable but difficult to soothe. 
A) outgoing and have a high energy level. 
B) tense, fearful, and inhibited. 
C) calm and slow-to-warm-up. 
D) sociable but difficult to soothe.

Question 14

In the United States, _____ have a more _____ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.

Accepted Answer

A) females but not males; negative 
B) males but not females; negative 
C) both males and females; positive 
D) both males and females; negative 
A) females but not males; negative 
B) males but not females; negative 
C) both males and females; positive 
D) both males and females; negative

Question 15

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," dozens of studies have shown that _____ can improve cognitive functioning in old age.

Accepted Answer

A) napping 
B) aerobic exercise 
C) remaining sedentary 
D) nothing 
A) napping 
B) aerobic exercise 
C) remaining sedentary 
D) nothing

Question 16

The physical process of attaining sexual maturation and reproductive capacity that begins during the early adolescent years:

Accepted Answer

A) sometimes proceeds unevenly, with some body parts developing at a faster rate than others. 
B) is known as generativity. 
C) occurs at an earlier age in boys than in girls. 
D) is known as epigenesis. 
A) sometimes proceeds unevenly, with some body parts developing at a faster rate than others. 
B) is known as generativity. 
C) occurs at an earlier age in boys than in girls. 
D) is known as epigenesis.

Question 17

Men experience a gradual decline in testosterone levels, sometimes called _____, which can cause changes in physical and psychological health.

Accepted Answer

A) menarche 
B) menopause 
C) andropause 
D) postmenopausal zest 
A) menarche 
B) menopause 
C) andropause 
D) postmenopausal zest

Question 18

In Piaget's theory, the term irreversibility refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) ability to reverse mental operations. 
B) inability to reverse mental operations. 
C) inability to focus on all relevant aspects of a situation. 
D) ability to comprehend that some actions cannot be undone. 
A) ability to reverse mental operations. 
B) inability to reverse mental operations. 
C) inability to focus on all relevant aspects of a situation. 
D) ability to comprehend that some actions cannot be undone.

Question 19

Which of the following mental abilities remains stable up to age 90?

Accepted Answer

A) memory 
B) perceptual speed 
C) fluency 
D) vocabulary knowledge 
A) memory 
B) perceptual speed 
C) fluency 
D) vocabulary knowledge

Question 20

Rob has put all of his energies into his job as a stockbroker, often working 12 or more hours a day, and usually working on weekends. Because of this self-absorption and a preoccupation with his own needs Rob has been very successful and, by the age of 45, has already amassed what amounts to a small fortune. Although he continues to put in long hours at work, he is beginning to feel dissatisfied and bored with his life. According to Erikson's theory, Rob is probably facing the psychosocial conflict of _____ and is likely to develop _____.

Accepted Answer

A) generativity versus stagnation; stagnation 
B) ego integrity versus despair; despair 
C) intimacy versus isolation; isolation 
D) industry versus inferiority; industry 
A) generativity versus stagnation; stagnation 
B) ego integrity versus despair; despair 
C) intimacy versus isolation; isolation 
D) industry versus inferiority; industry

Exam 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that it:

Little Timmy received a princess tiara and scepter as a birthday present from his grandmother. Little Timmy reacted negatively to the gift, stating, "Grandma, these are toys for girls!" Sandra Bem might interpret Timmy's response as an example of a(n):

The average age range for menopause to occur is:

Regarding temperament, _____ infants react intensely to new experience, strangers, and novel objects.

In contrast to common stereotypes, during their last year of life, most older adults:

When you put your finger on your newborn nephew's palm, he curls his own fingers around yours, grasping your finger tightly. What behavior have you elicited from your nephew?

Excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause _____ which is characterized by physical and mental problems such as abnormal facial features or learning disabilities.

According to Erikson's theory, the psychosocial conflict of adolescence is:

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage six from his theory of moral reasoning because:

As the neural tube expands during development it develops cavities called _____ that are found at the core of the fully developed brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Research shows that among healthy older adults, the LARGEST declines in mental abilities are experienced by those who:

Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person:

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan high-reactive infants are likely to be:

In the United States, _____ have a more _____ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," dozens of studies have shown that _____ can improve cognitive functioning in old age.

The physical process of attaining sexual maturation and reproductive capacity that begins during the early adolescent years:

Men experience a gradual decline in testosterone levels, sometimes called _____, which can cause changes in physical and psychological health.

In Piaget's theory, the term irreversibility refers to the:

Which of the following mental abilities remains stable up to age 90?

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

In the United States, _ have a more _ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.