Question 1

When formal operational thinkers are faced with a problem such as figuring out what combination of clear liquids will produce a blue liquid, they will

Accepted Answer

A)  haphazardly mix liquids to find the correct combination. 
B)  become confused and irritated. 
C)  systematically test hypotheses about different combinations of liquids. 
D)  concentrate on trying to pour the liquids without spilling them. 
A)  haphazardly mix liquids to find the correct combination. 
B)  become confused and irritated. 
C)  systematically test hypotheses about different combinations of liquids. 
D)  concentrate on trying to pour the liquids without spilling them.

Question 2

Cognitive processes are compared to computer ________ by information-processing theorists.

Accepted Answer

A)  memory 
B)  disk drives 
C)  hardware 
D)  software 
A)  memory 
B)  disk drives 
C)  hardware 
D)  software

Question 3

According to Piaget

Accepted Answer

A)  children will not be curious unless parents provide a stimulating environment. 
B)  children create theories about how the world works. 
C)  children are capable of abstract thought from the time they are born. 
D)  children's thinking is very similar to adults' thinking. 
A)  children will not be curious unless parents provide a stimulating environment. 
B)  children create theories about how the world works. 
C)  children are capable of abstract thought from the time they are born. 
D)  children's thinking is very similar to adults' thinking.

Question 4

During Piaget's ________ stage, individuals become capable of abstract, hypothetical thought and deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational 
B)  formal operational 
C)  preoperational 
D)  sensorimotor 
A)  concrete operational 
B)  formal operational 
C)  preoperational 
D)  sensorimotor

Question 5

A person's beliefs about connections between thoughts, beliefs, and behaviour are central to

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's theory. 
B)  the theory of mind. 
C)  information processing theories. 
D)  Vygotsky's theory. 
A)  Piaget's theory. 
B)  the theory of mind. 
C)  information processing theories. 
D)  Vygotsky's theory.

Question 6

The computer is used as a metaphor for the mind in which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning theory 
B)  information processing theory 
C)  psychodynamic theory 
D)  Piaget's theory 
A)  learning theory 
B)  information processing theory 
C)  psychodynamic theory 
D)  Piaget's theory

Question 7

Working memory

Accepted Answer

A)  holds visual images for a few seconds. 
B)  is a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
C)  is like a computer's hard drive. 
D)  is the site of ongoing cognitive activity. 
A)  holds visual images for a few seconds. 
B)  is a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
C)  is like a computer's hard drive. 
D)  is the site of ongoing cognitive activity.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stores information. 
B)  It is a permanent storehouse. 
C)  It holds "software" and "data." 
D)  It is analogous to computer RAM. 
A)  It stores information. 
B)  It is a permanent storehouse. 
C)  It holds "software" and "data." 
D)  It is analogous to computer RAM.

Question 9

According to Piaget, more advanced mental structures would not develop without

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  short-term storage space. 
C)  imitation. 
D)  disequilibrium. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  short-term storage space. 
C)  imitation. 
D)  disequilibrium.

Question 10

A developmental psychologist is most likely to use a false belief task to study

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  animism. 
D)  attention. 
A)  theory of mind. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  animism. 
D)  attention.

Question 11

Private speech

Accepted Answer

A)  eventually becomes inner speech. 
B)  involves talking aloud to others. 
C)  is more likely to occur while performing easy tasks than difficult tasks. 
D)  occurs before children's behaviour is regulated by speech from other people. 
A)  eventually becomes inner speech. 
B)  involves talking aloud to others. 
C)  is more likely to occur while performing easy tasks than difficult tasks. 
D)  occurs before children's behaviour is regulated by speech from other people.

Question 12

Piaget's ________ stage is characterized by the child's use of symbols to represent objects and events.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  preoperational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  preoperational

Question 13

As children get older, their speed of processing

Accepted Answer

A)  speeds up. 
B)  slows down. 
C)  cycles up and down. 
D)  does not change. 
A)  speeds up. 
B)  slows down. 
C)  cycles up and down. 
D)  does not change.

Question 14

________ refers to a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner's needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  The zone of proximal development 
B)  Private speech 
C)  Scaffolding 
D)  Hypothetical reasoning 
A)  The zone of proximal development 
B)  Private speech 
C)  Scaffolding 
D)  Hypothetical reasoning

Question 15

Piaget was trained as a

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologist. 
B)  medical doctor. 
C)  biologist. 
D)  neurologist. 
A)  psychologist. 
B)  medical doctor. 
C)  biologist. 
D)  neurologist.

Question 16

Teaching suggestions based on Piaget's theory include

Accepted Answer

A)  teaching at a level slightly ahead of children's current level of thinking. 
B)  using lectures to tell children how the world works. 
C)  not allowing children to see their mistakes. 
D)  using flashcards to drill facts. 
A)  teaching at a level slightly ahead of children's current level of thinking. 
B)  using lectures to tell children how the world works. 
C)  not allowing children to see their mistakes. 
D)  using flashcards to drill facts.

Question 17

In a conservation of liquid experiment, Victoria is shown two identical beakers filled with the same amount of juice. The juice from one of the beakers is poured into a taller, thinner beaker. Victoria now thinks there is more juice in the tall, thin beaker than in the original beaker. Victoria appears to be in Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational 
A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational

Question 18

Who is likely to be able to answer a hypothetical question such as, "What would happen if no one had to work anymore?"

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational thinkers only 
B)  formal operational thinkers only 
C)  concrete operational thinkers only 
D)  concrete operational and formal operational thinkers 
A)  preoperational thinkers only 
B)  formal operational thinkers only 
C)  concrete operational thinkers only 
D)  concrete operational and formal operational thinkers

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of mental hardware?

Accepted Answer

A)  mental processes 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  working memory 
A)  mental processes 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  working memory

Question 20

Each new stage of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

A)  is fundamentally the same as the previous stage. 
B)  is marked by a distinctive way of thinking about and understanding the world. 
C)  occurs every two years during childhood. 
D)  can be skipped by children who are smarter than their peers. 
A)  is fundamentally the same as the previous stage. 
B)  is marked by a distinctive way of thinking about and understanding the world. 
C)  occurs every two years during childhood. 
D)  can be skipped by children who are smarter than their peers.

Exam 6: B: Theories of Cognitive Development

When formal operational thinkers are faced with a problem such as figuring out what combination of clear liquids will produce a blue liquid, they will

Cognitive processes are compared to computer ________ by information-processing theorists.

According to Piaget

During Piaget's ________ stage, individuals become capable of abstract, hypothetical thought and deductive reasoning.

A person's beliefs about connections between thoughts, beliefs, and behaviour are central to

The computer is used as a metaphor for the mind in which theory?

Working memory

Which of the following is NOT true of working memory?

According to Piaget, more advanced mental structures would not develop without

A developmental psychologist is most likely to use a false belief task to study

Private speech

Piaget's ________ stage is characterized by the child's use of symbols to represent objects and events.

As children get older, their speed of processing

________ refers to a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner's needs.

Piaget was trained as a

Teaching suggestions based on Piaget's theory include

Who is likely to be able to answer a hypothetical question such as, "What would happen if no one had to work anymore?"

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of mental hardware?

Each new stage of cognitive development

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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