Question 1

Which of the following develops first as children acquire an understanding of gender?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender constancy 
B)  gender stability 
C)  gender stereotypes 
D)  gender labelling 
A)  gender constancy 
B)  gender stability 
C)  gender stereotypes 
D)  gender labelling

Question 2

As children get older, they ________ stereotypes when judging other children.

Accepted Answer

A)  become more likely to use 
B)  become more willing to ignore 
C)  will almost always use 
D)  will not change in their use of 
A)  become more likely to use 
B)  become more willing to ignore 
C)  will almost always use 
D)  will not change in their use of

Question 3

Traits associated with male stereotypes are called ________ whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal; androgynous 
B)  androgynous; hormonal 
C)  expressive; instrumental 
D)  instrumental; expressive 
A)  hormonal; androgynous 
B)  androgynous; hormonal 
C)  expressive; instrumental 
D)  instrumental; expressive

Question 4

Boys' interactions with each other tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive. 
B)  stereotyped. 
C)  constricting. 
D)  enabling. 
A)  expressive. 
B)  stereotyped. 
C)  constricting. 
D)  enabling.

Question 5

For most traits,

Accepted Answer

A)  gender differences are quite large. 
B)  the distributions of the traits for males and females do not overlap. 
C)  gender differences are small for group averages but are quite substantial for people at the ends of the distributions. 
D)  gender differences occur for most traits. 
A)  gender differences are quite large. 
B)  the distributions of the traits for males and females do not overlap. 
C)  gender differences are small for group averages but are quite substantial for people at the ends of the distributions. 
D)  gender differences occur for most traits.

Question 6

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) found that gender differences exist in

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal ability. 
B)  achievement motivation. 
C)  altruistic behaviour. 
D)  suggestibility to influence. 
A)  verbal ability. 
B)  achievement motivation. 
C)  altruistic behaviour. 
D)  suggestibility to influence.

Question 7

Joe's aggressive behaviour is

Accepted Answer

A)  most likely to be directed toward, Alicia, a girl. 
B)  most likely to be directed toward Adam, a boy. 
C)  equally likely to be directed toward either Alicia or Adam. 
D)  most likely to be directed toward Spot, a member of a nonhuman species. 
A)  most likely to be directed toward, Alicia, a girl. 
B)  most likely to be directed toward Adam, a boy. 
C)  equally likely to be directed toward either Alicia or Adam. 
D)  most likely to be directed toward Spot, a member of a nonhuman species.

Question 8

Which of the following is a biological factor that is related to gender differences in behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards 
B)  gender schemas 
C)  hormones 
D)  television 
A)  rewards 
B)  gender schemas 
C)  hormones 
D)  television

Question 9

Maccoby and Jacklin's conclusions about gender differences have been criticized because they

Accepted Answer

A)  included some weak studies in their review. 
B)  based their findings on only a few studies. 
C)  did not examine gender differences in verbal and mathematical ability. 
D)  did not consider the age of children in the studies. 
A)  included some weak studies in their review. 
B)  based their findings on only a few studies. 
C)  did not examine gender differences in verbal and mathematical ability. 
D)  did not consider the age of children in the studies.

Question 10

Research suggests that boys ________ than girls.

Accepted Answer

A)  are healthier 
B)  have better verbal ability 
C)  have better spatial ability 
D)  are more easily influenced by others 
A)  are healthier 
B)  have better verbal ability 
C)  have better spatial ability 
D)  are more easily influenced by others

Question 11

Which of the following is correct of boys' and girls' play?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys' play is rougher and more competitive than girls' play. 
B)  Girls tend to be more dominating in their interactions. 
C)  In boys' interactions, actions and remarks tend to support others and to sustain the interaction. 
D)  In girls' interactions, one partner typically tries to emerge as the victor. 
A)  Boys' play is rougher and more competitive than girls' play. 
B)  Girls tend to be more dominating in their interactions. 
C)  In boys' interactions, actions and remarks tend to support others and to sustain the interaction. 
D)  In girls' interactions, one partner typically tries to emerge as the victor.

Question 12

The ability to imagine how an object will look after it has been moved in space is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  mathematical ability. 
B)  mental constancy. 
C)  enabling. 
D)  mental rotation. 
A)  mathematical ability. 
B)  mental constancy. 
C)  enabling. 
D)  mental rotation.

Question 13

Aggressive behaviour has been linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  gender constancy. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  androgyny. 
D)  androgens. 
A)  gender constancy. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  androgyny. 
D)  androgens.

Question 14

Most children have acquired adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes by ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  11 
A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  11

Question 15

Girls who were exposed prenatally to large amounts of male hormones have been found to ________ than girls who were not exposed to large amounts of male hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  have more expressive traits 
B)  more strongly prefer masculine activities and male playmates 
C)  more strongly prefer masculine activities but not male playmates 
D)  be no different 
A)  have more expressive traits 
B)  more strongly prefer masculine activities and male playmates 
C)  more strongly prefer masculine activities but not male playmates 
D)  be no different

Question 16

According to ________ theory, children first decide if an object, activity, or behaviour is male or female, then use this information to decide whether they should learn more about the object, activity, or behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender-stereotype 
B)  gender-labelling 
C)  gender-schema 
D)  gender-constancy 
A)  gender-stereotype 
B)  gender-labelling 
C)  gender-schema 
D)  gender-constancy

Question 17

In a "Battle of the Sexes" to be held at their high school, the boys are allowed to choose one task and the girls are allowed to choose another. Which task should the boys choose to make it most likely that they will win?

Accepted Answer

A)  a math problem 
B)  a spatial task 
C)  a spelling task 
D)  a scrambled word task 
A)  a math problem 
B)  a spatial task 
C)  a spelling task 
D)  a scrambled word task

Question 18

Maccoby and Jacklin reported that gender differences exist in all of the following areas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  visual-spatial ability. 
B)  aggression. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  verbal ability. 
A)  visual-spatial ability. 
B)  aggression. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  verbal ability.

Question 19

Cross-cultural studies of gender stereotypes have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stereotypes are the same in all countries. 
B)  gender stereotypes are not influenced by one's culture. 
C)  Americans have more extreme gender stereotypes than people in other countries. 
D)  Americans have less extreme gender stereotypes than people in other countries. 
A)  gender stereotypes are the same in all countries. 
B)  gender stereotypes are not influenced by one's culture. 
C)  Americans have more extreme gender stereotypes than people in other countries. 
D)  Americans have less extreme gender stereotypes than people in other countries.

Question 20

Fathers and mothers differ in the socialization of gender in their children because

Accepted Answer

A)  mothers are more likely to encourage gender-related play. 
B)  mothers are more likely to treat their children in gender-typed ways. 
C)  fathers are more likely to respond to the individual needs of each child. 
D)  fathers are more likely to push their sons and accept dependence in their daughters. 
A)  mothers are more likely to encourage gender-related play. 
B)  mothers are more likely to treat their children in gender-typed ways. 
C)  fathers are more likely to respond to the individual needs of each child. 
D)  fathers are more likely to push their sons and accept dependence in their daughters.

Exam 13: B: Gender and Development

Which of the following develops first as children acquire an understanding of gender?

As children get older, they ________ stereotypes when judging other children.

Traits associated with male stereotypes are called ________ whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as ________.

Boys' interactions with each other tend to be

For most traits,

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) found that gender differences exist in

Joe's aggressive behaviour is

Which of the following is a biological factor that is related to gender differences in behaviour?

Maccoby and Jacklin's conclusions about gender differences have been criticized because they

Research suggests that boys ________ than girls.

Which of the following is correct of boys' and girls' play?

The ability to imagine how an object will look after it has been moved in space is referred to as

Aggressive behaviour has been linked to

Most children have acquired adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes by ________ years of age.

Girls who were exposed prenatally to large amounts of male hormones have been found to ________ than girls who were not exposed to large amounts of male hormones.

According to ________ theory, children first decide if an object, activity, or behaviour is male or female, then use this information to decide whether they should learn more about the object, activity, or behaviour.

In a "Battle of the Sexes" to be held at their high school, the boys are allowed to choose one task and the girls are allowed to choose another. Which task should the boys choose to make it most likely that they will win?

Maccoby and Jacklin reported that gender differences exist in all of the following areas EXCEPT

Cross-cultural studies of gender stereotypes have shown that

Fathers and mothers differ in the socialization of gender in their children because

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

Filters

Traits associated with male stereotypes are called whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as .