Question 1

On mental rotation tasks,

Accepted Answer

A)  boys' performance surpasses that of girls and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B)  girls' performance surpasses that of boys and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
C)  boys and girls perform similarly until adolescence at which time boys' performance surpasses that of girls. 
D)  boys and girls perform similarly throughout childhood and adolescence. 
A)  boys' performance surpasses that of girls and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B)  girls' performance surpasses that of boys and this difference is maintained throughout childhood and adolescence. 
C)  boys and girls perform similarly until adolescence at which time boys' performance surpasses that of girls. 
D)  boys and girls perform similarly throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 2

Television

Accepted Answer

A)  tends to depict males and females in gender-stereotyped ways. 
B)  does not influence children's gender role stereotypes. 
C)  often helps children view males and females in less stereotyped ways. 
D)  tends to influence girls' gender-stereotypes more than boys' gender-stereotypes. 
A)  tends to depict males and females in gender-stereotyped ways. 
B)  does not influence children's gender role stereotypes. 
C)  often helps children view males and females in less stereotyped ways. 
D)  tends to influence girls' gender-stereotypes more than boys' gender-stereotypes.

Question 3

Connie believes that children learn gender roles by watching other people and by being rewarded for gender-appropriate behaviour. Connie's beliefs fit most closely with those of ________ theorists.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  biological 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social cognitive 
A)  cognitive 
B)  biological 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social cognitive

Question 4

The most firmly established gender difference in behaviour is the difference in

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression. 
B)  conformity. 
C)  sociability. 
D)  dependence. 
A)  aggression. 
B)  conformity. 
C)  sociability. 
D)  dependence.

Question 5

Preschool children prefer to play with same-gender peers

Accepted Answer

A)  only when they have been discouraged from playing with opposite-gender peers. 
B)  but will readily comply when parents encourage them to play with opposite-sex peers. 
C)  spontaneously, without adult pressure. 
D)  except when they are engaged in gender-neutral activities such as playing tag. 
A)  only when they have been discouraged from playing with opposite-gender peers. 
B)  but will readily comply when parents encourage them to play with opposite-sex peers. 
C)  spontaneously, without adult pressure. 
D)  except when they are engaged in gender-neutral activities such as playing tag.

Question 6

Research suggests that attempts to teach children less stereotyped views of gender typically will

Accepted Answer

A)  be totally unsuccessful. 
B)  be successful at reducing stereotypes about occupations and use of objects. 
C)  be successful at increasing cross-gender friendships. 
D)  successfully decrease stereotypes about occupations but not the use of objects. 
A)  be totally unsuccessful. 
B)  be successful at reducing stereotypes about occupations and use of objects. 
C)  be successful at increasing cross-gender friendships. 
D)  successfully decrease stereotypes about occupations but not the use of objects.

Question 7

Greater aggression in males

Accepted Answer

A)  is apparent only in laboratory settings and not in naturalistic settings. 
B)  is found in many nonhuman species. 
C)  is found only in North America. 
D)  does not seem to have a biological basis. 
A)  is apparent only in laboratory settings and not in naturalistic settings. 
B)  is found in many nonhuman species. 
C)  is found only in North America. 
D)  does not seem to have a biological basis.

Question 8

Parents typically

Accepted Answer

A)  treat sons and daughters similarly in all ways. 
B)  show more warmth to daughters than to sons. 
C)  encourage sons' achievement but discourage daughters' achievement. 
D)  treat sons and daughters similarly except in areas related to gender roles. 
A)  treat sons and daughters similarly in all ways. 
B)  show more warmth to daughters than to sons. 
C)  encourage sons' achievement but discourage daughters' achievement. 
D)  treat sons and daughters similarly except in areas related to gender roles.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Girls and boys are different in more ways than they are similar. 
B)  Girls and boys are similar in more ways than they are different. 
C)  Most gender differences are relatively large. 
D)  Small differences in group averages mean there is little overlap between girls and boys. 
A)  Girls and boys are different in more ways than they are similar. 
B)  Girls and boys are similar in more ways than they are different. 
C)  Most gender differences are relatively large. 
D)  Small differences in group averages mean there is little overlap between girls and boys.

Question 10

Children

Accepted Answer

A)  have little knowledge of gender stereotypes when they enter elementary school. 
B)  are more likely to ignore stereotypes when judging others as they grow older. 
C)  don't have adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes until they are teenagers. 
D)  consider gender stereotypes to be more binding than moral rules or social conventions. 
A)  have little knowledge of gender stereotypes when they enter elementary school. 
B)  are more likely to ignore stereotypes when judging others as they grow older. 
C)  don't have adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes until they are teenagers. 
D)  consider gender stereotypes to be more binding than moral rules or social conventions.

Question 11

Expressive traits

Accepted Answer

A)  describe individuals who value interpersonal relationships. 
B)  describe individuals who act on the world and influence it. 
C)  describe individuals who are independent and aggressive. 
D)  are typically used equally to describe males and females. 
A)  describe individuals who value interpersonal relationships. 
B)  describe individuals who act on the world and influence it. 
C)  describe individuals who are independent and aggressive. 
D)  are typically used equally to describe males and females.

Question 12

If Lacey's parents are typical in how they socialize their children, Lacey is MOST likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A)  "My dad pushes my brother to try new things even if he's scared, but he doesn't expect me to." 
B)  "My mom wants my brother to act like a boy and me to act like a girl, but my dad just wants us to be ourselves." 
C)  "My parents encourage my brother to do 'girl' activities and me to do 'boy' activities, because they don't want us to feel restricted by gender stereotypes." 
D)  "My parents treat me exactly the same as they treat my brother." 
A)  "My dad pushes my brother to try new things even if he's scared, but he doesn't expect me to." 
B)  "My mom wants my brother to act like a boy and me to act like a girl, but my dad just wants us to be ourselves." 
C)  "My parents encourage my brother to do 'girl' activities and me to do 'boy' activities, because they don't want us to feel restricted by gender stereotypes." 
D)  "My parents treat me exactly the same as they treat my brother."

Question 13

Support for biological influences on gender differences come from the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer feminine activities. 
B)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer masculine activities. 
C)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer female playmates. 
D)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones are not different. 
A)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer feminine activities. 
B)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer masculine activities. 
C)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer female playmates. 
D)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones are not different.

Question 14

Females may be more easily influenced by others than males are, because females value ________ more than males do.

Accepted Answer

A)  independence 
B)  aggression 
C)  perfection 
D)  group harmony 
A)  independence 
B)  aggression 
C)  perfection 
D)  group harmony

Question 15

According to Maccoby and Jacklin, girls tend to have greater ________ than boys.

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal skill 
B)  visual-spatial skill 
C)  mathematical skill 
D)  verbal and mathematical ability 
A)  verbal skill 
B)  visual-spatial skill 
C)  mathematical skill 
D)  verbal and mathematical ability

Question 16

Children

Accepted Answer

A)  are very accepting of cross-gender play. 
B)  choose same-sex playmates because they are pressured to do so by adults. 
C)  resist parents' efforts to get them to play with members of the opposite sex. 
D)  show reluctance to play with members of the opposite sex only in gender-typed play. 
A)  are very accepting of cross-gender play. 
B)  choose same-sex playmates because they are pressured to do so by adults. 
C)  resist parents' efforts to get them to play with members of the opposite sex. 
D)  show reluctance to play with members of the opposite sex only in gender-typed play.

Question 17

Cross-cultural assessments of gender differences in math have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  almost invariably, boys out-perform girls. 
B)  in the vast majority of countries, there are no gender differences. 
C)  usually, girls out-perform boys. 
D)  gender differences vary a great deal. 
A)  almost invariably, boys out-perform girls. 
B)  in the vast majority of countries, there are no gender differences. 
C)  usually, girls out-perform boys. 
D)  gender differences vary a great deal.

Question 18

Samantha, a three-year-old girl, is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer playing with gender appropriate toys. 
B)  know the rules of gender appropriate toys but not yet show a preference for gender appropriate toys. 
C)  not yet know what toys are considered gender appropriate. 
D)  be accepting of other children who engage in cross-gender play. 
A)  prefer playing with gender appropriate toys. 
B)  know the rules of gender appropriate toys but not yet show a preference for gender appropriate toys. 
C)  not yet know what toys are considered gender appropriate. 
D)  be accepting of other children who engage in cross-gender play.

Question 19

At about ________ years of age, children start to prefer playing with same-gender peers.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 3 
B)  4 to 5 
C)  7 to 8 
D)  10 to 12 
A)  2 to 3 
B)  4 to 5 
C)  7 to 8 
D)  10 to 12

Question 20

Elizabeth is high on both instrumental and expressive traits. She

Accepted Answer

A)  was probably exposed to unusually high levels of male hormones during prenatal development. 
B)  was probably exposed to unusually high levels of female hormones during prenatal development. 
C)  is constricting. 
D)  is androgynous. 
A)  was probably exposed to unusually high levels of male hormones during prenatal development. 
B)  was probably exposed to unusually high levels of female hormones during prenatal development. 
C)  is constricting. 
D)  is androgynous.

Exam 13: B: Gender and Development

On mental rotation tasks,

Television

Connie believes that children learn gender roles by watching other people and by being rewarded for gender-appropriate behaviour. Connie's beliefs fit most closely with those of ________ theorists.

The most firmly established gender difference in behaviour is the difference in

Preschool children prefer to play with same-gender peers

Research suggests that attempts to teach children less stereotyped views of gender typically will

Greater aggression in males

Parents typically

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?

Children

Expressive traits

If Lacey's parents are typical in how they socialize their children, Lacey is MOST likely to say,

Support for biological influences on gender differences come from the fact that

Females may be more easily influenced by others than males are, because females value ________ more than males do.

According to Maccoby and Jacklin, girls tend to have greater ________ than boys.

Children

Cross-cultural assessments of gender differences in math have shown that

Samantha, a three-year-old girl, is likely to

At about ________ years of age, children start to prefer playing with same-gender peers.

Elizabeth is high on both instrumental and expressive traits. She

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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