Question 1

According to Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory, children learn

Accepted Answer

A)  gender roles through reinforcement and punishment. 
B)  gender-appropriate behaviour after achieving gender constancy. 
C)  gender-appropriate behaviour by paying attention to experiences and events that are gender-appropriate. 
D)  gender roles through prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 
A)  gender roles through reinforcement and punishment. 
B)  gender-appropriate behaviour after achieving gender constancy. 
C)  gender-appropriate behaviour by paying attention to experiences and events that are gender-appropriate. 
D)  gender roles through prenatal exposure to sex hormones.

Question 2

Children usually understand that they are either male or female by about age

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2 or 3. 
C)  4 or 5. 
D)  6 or 7. 
A)  1. 
B)  2 or 3. 
C)  4 or 5. 
D)  6 or 7.

Question 3

When Adam interacts with other boys, he often exaggerates, contradicts, and threatens the other boys. Adam's interactions would be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)  enabling. 
B)  expressive. 
C)  stereotyped. 
D)  constricting. 
A)  enabling. 
B)  expressive. 
C)  stereotyped. 
D)  constricting.

Question 4

The prevailing view among developmental psychologists is that gender differences in emotional sensitivity are

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily due to experience. 
B)  primarily due to biological differences. 
C)  reflect both nature and nurture. 
D)  nonexistent. 
A)  primarily due to experience. 
B)  primarily due to biological differences. 
C)  reflect both nature and nurture. 
D)  nonexistent.

Question 5

Paula has traits that are typically associated with females in Canada Paula is most likely to be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  outspoken. 
B)  not easily influenced. 
C)  emotional. 
D)  self-confident. 
A)  outspoken. 
B)  not easily influenced. 
C)  emotional. 
D)  self-confident.

Question 6

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) summarized results from research studies on

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stereotypes. 
B)  gender differences. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  the influence of television on gender role development. 
A)  gender stereotypes. 
B)  gender differences. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  the influence of television on gender role development.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE of the differences between males and females in intellectual ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females are superior to males in verbal ability only as adults. 
B)  In high school and college, there are negligible differences between males and females on math tests. 
C)  In early elementary school, males are superior to females on standardized math scores. 
D)  At all ages, females are superior to males in spatial ability. 
A)  Females are superior to males in verbal ability only as adults. 
B)  In high school and college, there are negligible differences between males and females on math tests. 
C)  In early elementary school, males are superior to females on standardized math scores. 
D)  At all ages, females are superior to males in spatial ability.

Question 8

Androgens have been found to be related to gender differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional sensitivity. 
B)  social influence. 
C)  verbal ability. 
D)  aggression. 
A)  emotional sensitivity. 
B)  social influence. 
C)  verbal ability. 
D)  aggression.

Question 9

Girls tend to ________ than boys.

Accepted Answer

A)  be more active 
B)  be less healthy 
C)  have better fine-motor coordination 
D)  be more likely to have an attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder 
A)  be more active 
B)  be less healthy 
C)  have better fine-motor coordination 
D)  be more likely to have an attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Question 10

Children whose parents are deeply committed to rearing them without traditional gender stereotypes

Accepted Answer

A)  do not like gender-stereotyped activities. 
B)  do not have same-gender friends. 
C)  have greater stereotyped attitudes about occupations. 
D)  have fewer stereotyped attitudes about the use of objects. 
A)  do not like gender-stereotyped activities. 
B)  do not have same-gender friends. 
C)  have greater stereotyped attitudes about occupations. 
D)  have fewer stereotyped attitudes about the use of objects.

Question 11

Kohlberg's theory states that only children who have acquired gender ________ will have extensive knowledge of sex-stereotyped activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  labelling 
B)  stability 
C)  schemas 
D)  constancy 
A)  labelling 
B)  stability 
C)  schemas 
D)  constancy

Question 12

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
A)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys.

Question 13

Your roommate remarks, "Girls seem to be so much better than boys at expressing emotions and understanding how other people feel." You reply, "Yes, research shows that girls are more emotionally sensitive than boys,

Accepted Answer

A)  due in part to parents being more 'feeling-oriented' with daughters than with sons." 
B)  even though parents are more likely to talk about emotions with sons than with daughters." 
C)  and parents usually end up spending more time emphasizing the importance of considering others' feelings with sons than with daughters." 
D)  primarily because of hormonal differences between males and females." 
A)  due in part to parents being more 'feeling-oriented' with daughters than with sons." 
B)  even though parents are more likely to talk about emotions with sons than with daughters." 
C)  and parents usually end up spending more time emphasizing the importance of considering others' feelings with sons than with daughters." 
D)  primarily because of hormonal differences between males and females."

Question 14

Interactions characterized by actions and remarks that support others and sustain the interaction are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  constricting. 
B)  enabling. 
C)  instrumental. 
D)  expressive. 
A)  constricting. 
B)  enabling. 
C)  instrumental. 
D)  expressive.

Question 15

Research suggests that, as a typical five-year-old, Megan most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B)  has formed some gender stereotypes, but they are not exactly the same as those of adults. 
C)  believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D)  has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes. 
A)  has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B)  has formed some gender stereotypes, but they are not exactly the same as those of adults. 
C)  believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D)  has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes.

Question 16

Who is likely to have the most extreme gender stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Michael, who lives in the United States 
B)  Ibrahim, who lives in Nigeria 
C)  Masaki, who lives in Japan 
D)  Nawaz, who lives in Pakistan 
A)  Michael, who lives in the United States 
B)  Ibrahim, who lives in Nigeria 
C)  Masaki, who lives in Japan 
D)  Nawaz, who lives in Pakistan

Question 17

Girls' play tends to be more ________ than that of boys.

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive 
B)  supportive 
C)  dominating 
D)  rough 
A)  competitive 
B)  supportive 
C)  dominating 
D)  rough

Question 18

Who has gender consistency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eric, who knows he is a boy 
B)  Craig, who understands that girls become women 
C)  Wendy, who thinks that if a girl cuts her hair like a boy's, she will become a boy 
D)  Brooke, who understands that a boy who wears a dress is still a boy, not a girl 
A)  Eric, who knows he is a boy 
B)  Craig, who understands that girls become women 
C)  Wendy, who thinks that if a girl cuts her hair like a boy's, she will become a boy 
D)  Brooke, who understands that a boy who wears a dress is still a boy, not a girl

Question 19

Who has the most accurate opinion about gender differences in math skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rosie, who thinks that boys usually get better grades than girls in high school math courses. 
B)  Opal, who thinks that in elementary school, girls are better than boys in math achievement. 
C)  Sally, who thinks that girls are better than boys in math skills at all ages. 
D)  Gerald, who thinks that boys are better than girls in all areas of math at all ages. 
A)  Rosie, who thinks that boys usually get better grades than girls in high school math courses. 
B)  Opal, who thinks that in elementary school, girls are better than boys in math achievement. 
C)  Sally, who thinks that girls are better than boys in math skills at all ages. 
D)  Gerald, who thinks that boys are better than girls in all areas of math at all ages.

Question 20

Relational aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  is more common in girls than in boys. 
B)  is more common in boys than in girls. 
C)  is equally common in boys and girls. 
D)  is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age. 
A)  is more common in girls than in boys. 
B)  is more common in boys than in girls. 
C)  is equally common in boys and girls. 
D)  is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age.

Exam 13: B: Gender and Development

According to Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory, children learn

Children usually understand that they are either male or female by about age

When Adam interacts with other boys, he often exaggerates, contradicts, and threatens the other boys. Adam's interactions would be characterized as

The prevailing view among developmental psychologists is that gender differences in emotional sensitivity are

Paula has traits that are typically associated with females in Canada Paula is most likely to be described as

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) summarized results from research studies on

Which of the following is TRUE of the differences between males and females in intellectual ability?

Androgens have been found to be related to gender differences in

Girls tend to ________ than boys.

Children whose parents are deeply committed to rearing them without traditional gender stereotypes

Kohlberg's theory states that only children who have acquired gender ________ will have extensive knowledge of sex-stereotyped activities.

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Your roommate remarks, "Girls seem to be so much better than boys at expressing emotions and understanding how other people feel." You reply, "Yes, research shows that girls are more emotionally sensitive than boys,

Interactions characterized by actions and remarks that support others and sustain the interaction are considered

Research suggests that, as a typical five-year-old, Megan most likely

Who is likely to have the most extreme gender stereotypes?

Girls' play tends to be more ________ than that of boys.

Who has gender consistency?

Who has the most accurate opinion about gender differences in math skills?

Relational aggression

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

Filters