Question 1

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  earthworms. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  jellyfish. 
E)  sea stars. 
A)  earthworms. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  jellyfish. 
E)  sea stars.

Question 2

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial lizard. 
B)  sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C)  bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D)  hummingbird. 
E)  honeybee in a hive. 
A)  terrestrial lizard. 
B)  sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C)  bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D)  hummingbird. 
E)  honeybee in a hive.

Question 3

In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

Accepted Answer

A)  maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B)  expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C)  invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D)  metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E)  has greater insulation on its body surface. 
A)  maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B)  expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C)  invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D)  metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E)  has greater insulation on its body surface.

Question 4

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a negative feedback system. 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C)  a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E)  the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction. 
A)  a negative feedback system. 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C)  a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E)  the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 5

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  flatworms. 
B)  earthworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  vertebrates. 
E)  cnidarians. 
A)  flatworms. 
B)  earthworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  vertebrates. 
E)  cnidarians.

Question 6

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  ammonia 
E)  nitrogen gas 
A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  ammonia 
E)  nitrogen gas

Question 7

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Accepted Answer

A)  ecdysteroid. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  thyroxine. 
D)  oxytocin. 
E)  growth hormone. 
A)  ecdysteroid. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  thyroxine. 
D)  oxytocin. 
E)  growth hormone.

Question 8

The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  ovary. 
B)  adrenal medulla. 
C)  adrenal cortex. 
D)  testis. 
E)  thyroid. 
A)  ovary. 
B)  adrenal medulla. 
C)  adrenal cortex. 
D)  testis. 
E)  thyroid.

Question 9

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead

Accepted Answer

A)  will thrive under such conditions, as long as he has lived at the ocean most of his life. 
B)  will excrete more water molecules than taken in, because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C)  will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D)  will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E)  will risk becoming overhydrated within 12 hours. 
A)  will thrive under such conditions, as long as he has lived at the ocean most of his life. 
B)  will excrete more water molecules than taken in, because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C)  will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D)  will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E)  will risk becoming overhydrated within 12 hours.

Question 10

Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperosmotic. 
B)  hypoosmotic. 
C)  isoosmotic. 
D)  hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E)  hypoosmotic and isoosmotic. 
A)  hyperosmotic. 
B)  hypoosmotic. 
C)  isoosmotic. 
D)  hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E)  hypoosmotic and isoosmotic.

Question 11

The osmolarity of human urine

Accepted Answer

A)  can be four times as great as the normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B)  is always exactly equal to the plasma osmolarity. 
C)  is always less than the plasma osmolarity. 
D)  is always greater than the plasma osmolarity. 
E)  is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose. 
A)  can be four times as great as the normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B)  is always exactly equal to the plasma osmolarity. 
C)  is always less than the plasma osmolarity. 
D)  is always greater than the plasma osmolarity. 
E)  is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose.

Question 12

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

Accepted Answer

A)  urea can be exchanged for Na+. 
B)  urea is less toxic than ammonia. 
C)  urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. 
D)  urea does not affect the osmolar gradient. 
E)  less nitrogen is removed from the body. 
A)  urea can be exchanged for Na+. 
B)  urea is less toxic than ammonia. 
C)  urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. 
D)  urea does not affect the osmolar gradient. 
E)  less nitrogen is removed from the body.

Question 13

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature results from shock. 
A)  an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature results from shock.

Question 14

The typical osmolarity of human blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  30 mosm/L. 
B)  100 mosm/L. 
C)  200 mosm/L. 
D)  300 mosm/L. 
E)  500 mosm/L. 
A)  30 mosm/L. 
B)  100 mosm/L. 
C)  200 mosm/L. 
D)  300 mosm/L. 
E)  500 mosm/L.

Question 15

Compared to wetland mammals, water conservation in mammals of arid regions is enhanced by having more

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  ureters. 
D)  podocytes. 
E)  urinary bladders. 
A)  juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  ureters. 
D)  podocytes. 
E)  urinary bladders.

Question 16

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B)  protonephridia of rotifers. 
C)  metanephridia of earthworms. 
D)  Malpighian tubules of insects. 
E)  kidneys of vertebrates. 
A)  flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B)  protonephridia of rotifers. 
C)  metanephridia of earthworms. 
D)  Malpighian tubules of insects. 
E)  kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 17

Muscles are joined to bones by

Accepted Answer

A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  Haversian systems. 
E)  spindle fibers. 
A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  Haversian systems. 
E)  spindle fibers.

Question 18

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A)  functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B)  functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C)  does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D)  secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E)  includes neuronal cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary. 
A)  functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B)  functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C)  does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D)  secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E)  includes neuronal cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.

Question 19

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells. 
A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells.

Question 20

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  achieves the sorting of plasma proteins according to size. 
B)  achieves the conversion of toxic ammonia to less toxic urea. 
C)  maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids. 
D)  regulates the speed of blood flow through the nephrons. 
E)  reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance. 
A)  achieves the sorting of plasma proteins according to size. 
B)  achieves the conversion of toxic ammonia to less toxic urea. 
C)  maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids. 
D)  regulates the speed of blood flow through the nephrons. 
E)  reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead

Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are

The osmolarity of human urine

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

The typical osmolarity of human blood is

Compared to wetland mammals, water conservation in mammals of arid regions is enhanced by having more

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Muscles are joined to bones by

The hypothalamus

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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